The Turk Inscriptions Essay

Introduction 

Basically, the development of the Second Turk Empire was accompanied by its growing interaction with other countries which affected considerably the progress of this country. At the same time, important sources of the information about the development of the Second Turk Empire and its relationships with other countries are Turkish inscriptions, including that of Kul Tegin, Bilge Khan, and Tonuquq. It should be pointed out that a considerable part of these inscriptions occupies the relationship of the Second Turk Empire with its neighbors, especially China, which was one of the most powerful states of the region at that epoch. On analyzing the old inscriptions, it is possible to find basic strengths and weaknesses of both the Second Turk Empire and China.

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In this respect, it is important to underline that in the old Turk inscriptions, the rules of the Second Turk Empire responded to Chinese rule not just by honoring old Turk institutions, but also imitating and learning from the view of the Turks expressed in the Sima Qian’s account of the Xiongnu.

The strengths and weaknesses of Turks 
On analyzing the old Turks inscriptions, it is possible to estimate that at the epoch of the Second Turk Empire the level of the development of Noman civilization was consistently lower compared to its neighbors, namely China. At the same time, it is necessary to underline that it does not mean that Second Turk Empire was in an absolutely disadvantageous position compared to China. In fact, Second Turk Empire had certain strengths that created ample opportunities for the rapid development of the empire and its further progress.

In this respect, it should be said that one of the major strengths of Second Turk Empire was its geographical position. Due to its geographical position of Second Turk Empire, Turks could develop rapidly. To put it more precisely, the empire could benefit from the progressing international trade since it was close to China and its economic centers and, at the same time, the territory of the empire included important trade routes. In actuality, the country was a kind of bridge between China and Western civilization. In other words, Second Turk Empire could benefit from its transitional position between East and West.

At the same time, it is worthy of mention that the neighboring Chinese economic centers were of a paramount importance for the development of Second Turk Empire and it was another strength of Turks since it contributed to the development of the Turkish economy. To put it more precisely, the growing economic cooperation with China contributed to the urbanization and the general progress of the economy. In this respect, it should be said that according to Dyson-Hudson, “professional empire builders rooted in urban civilizations” (21) that was the case of Second Turk Empire which urbanization was enhanced by its neighborhood to large Chinese economic centers. However, Turks were conscious of potential threats hidden in such neighborhood. For instance, in the KulTegin inscription, the Turk Bilge Qagan warns of the lure of China’s “gold, silver, and silk” (Waldron, 211). Obviously, being more powerful economically, China represented a real threat to the perspective of growth of Second Turk Empire.

Also, it is necessary to take into consideration the existence of the local traditions which were quite strong in Second Turk Empire and contributed consistently to the stable development of the country. What is probably even more important is the fact that the tradition and stable functioning of its major state institutions contributed to the unity of the empire and permitted Second Turk Empire gain a significant position in its international relations.

On the other hand, it should be said that Second Turk Empire was not rigid. Instead, according to the old inscriptions it amply borrowed Chinese experience and paid a lot of attention to criticism of their way of development which could be found in works of Chinese historians, such as Sima Qian.

Nevertheless, Second Turk Empire could hardly overcome its backwardness compared to China. Moreover, one of the major weaknesses of the empire was the fact that it was highly dependent on China. In fact, some specialists estimate that the development of Second Turk Empire was directly dependent on China. For instance, Barfield states that “powerful nomadic empires rose and fell in tandem with native dynasties of China… the steppe and China tended to be mirror images of one another” (9). This means that the development of Second Turk Empire was determined by the progress of China. Consequently, any crisis in China affected Second Turk Empire dramatically.

The strengths and weaknesses of China
Naturally, China, which produced a profound impact on the development of Second Turk Empire, had its own strengths and weaknesses. To put it more precisely, it should be said that China was apparently more advanced economically and technologically compared to Second Turk Empire. For instance, according to Chinese sources (Qian), neighbors of China were consistently less developed not only in the field of economy but also in the field of warfare since their strategy and tactics were considered to be not so advanced as Chinese ones.

However, it is necessary to underline that the tactics of Turks in the warfare was more flexible since they did not paid so much attention to the necessity to maintain face and could, for instance, retreat without any hesitations as long as it was beneficial for them that may be viewed as a weakness of Chinese tactics. In this respect, it is possible to refer to Sima Qian who compares Turks tactics to that of Chinese, the former, “when it is to their advantage they advance; when not they retreat as they see no shame in retreat” (Qian, 142).

At the same time, the economic advancement of China engendered growing problems since external threats grew more and more significant. At any rate, as China progressed do did its neighbors and, therefore, potential competitors or opponents. Also, it should be said that Chinese traditions based on ideas of Confucianism were quite rigid while compared to Turks it was hardly possible to speak about the total ideological unity of the country.

Conclusion: recommendations to Turks to reach the level of power of China 
Taking into account all above mentioned, it is possible to conclude that China was more advanced compared to Second Turk Empire and the old Turk inscriptions prove this fact. At the same time, it is also possible to find some potential ways of overcoming such backwardness of Second Turk Empire. In this respect, the old Turk inscriptions are similar to works of Chinese historians, such as Sima Qian. Basically, they recommend minimizig the gap between Second Turk Empire by means of remaining devoted to the national traditions. What is meant here is the fact that the old inscriptions recommend to honor old Turkish traditions and existing institutions. In this respect, the similarity to Qian’s ideas of being devoted to the norms of Chinese traditions and ideology, including ideas of Confucianism, which were the ideological basis of Chinese culture and lifestyle. The same role played traditions and religious views of Turks in Second Turk Empire. As a result, the focus on the maintenance of the traditional lifestyle contributes to the social stability and, therefore, opens perspectives of the steady development of the empire.

On the other hand, it is necessary to underline that one of the most perspective way to overcome the backwardness of Second Turk Empire was to borrow the experience of China. In such a way, Second Turk Empire could simply follow the example of more advanced China that could provide ample opportunities for the economic progress, while maintenance its old traditions could contribute to the social stability. In such a way, these two factors could be determinant in the further progress of Second Turk Empire making it a powerful country which could become equal to China.

Essay on E-Commerce

The modern world is characterized by the rapid world of new technologies which became an important part of socio-economic life. In fact, new technologies are rapidly penetrating in all spheres of life affecting absolutely all people and, what is more important, they are spreading worldwide contributing to the creation of the New Economy. The New Economy is based on the wide implementation and rapid spread of new information and communication technologies. In recent years, there have appeared numerous works in literature dedicated to the problem of the development of New Economy, especially e-commerce, its perspectives and potential. Basically, numerous studies assess positively the current trends in the world economy but some specialists, such as Mohammad Naim Chaker emphasize that this problem is still under-researched and it is necessary to carefully and critically evaluate the perspectives, potential, and effects of the proliferation of the New economy, information technologies and communication on socio-economic and managing equilibrium that existed in the conventional economy (2005, p.58).

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On analyzing the current economic situation M.N. Chaker points out that the New Economy is based on the wide use of information technologies and communication (2005, p.58). In fact, the word economy, especially the economy of well-developed countries is really changing. In the modern world information and knowledge play increasingly more and more important role to the extent that often the investments in IT proves to be even more effective than investments in conventional industrial development (Summers, 1992, p.9).

At the same time, it should be said that e-commerce as a constituent part of the New Economy offers a lot of new opportunities and seem to be quite convenient for customers. In this respect, the author points out that the New Economy really offers larger opportunities to customers since they can use a variety of services and choose from a huge variety of goods which they cannot find anywhere else but in the virtual world of e-commerce. For instance, he states that “the sheer number of stores that can be visited online far exceeds even the most densely populated retail areas in industrial countries” (2005, p.58). In such a way, the New Economy may be viewed as a positive phenomenon since, according to numerous researches it can facilitate business-customer relationships making it more personal and more customer-oriented (Han, 1997, p.27).

Also, it is worthy of mention that the New Economy is rapidly progressing and spreading worldwide. In such a way, it is possible to estimate that in the nearest future the New Economy will produce more significant impact on the development of the world economy (Han, 1997, p.29). The current trends in the world economy consistently contribute to the progress of the New Economy due to the process of globalization which makes countries closer to each other eliminating geographical and financial barriers on the movement of international capital. In such a situation, the New Economy and e-commerce in particular may be viewed as effective tool that can be widely applied in terms of global economy, improving the quality of services and goods available to customers worldwide.

However, in spite of such optimistic perspectives, M.N. Chaker is quite skeptical about the current progress of the World Economy and its effects. In fact, he argues that it is necessary to analyze in depth its effects on various spheres of human life because, as he predicts, it can misbalance the world socio-economic development (2005, p.59). To put it more precisely, he speaks about the possibility of various disequilibria, including corporate disequilibrium, labor market disequilibrium, social disequilibrium, innovation disequilibrium, and development disequilibrium.

Speaking about corporate disequilibrium, M.N. Chaker argues that the reality is far from optimistic forecasts. For instance, he emphasizes that technology is not cheap and are not always available to little companies. Furthermore, the development of e-commerce and the New Economy at large may be accompanied by the new risks such as the spread of frauds and viruses in the virtual world. Furthermore, M.N. Chaker underlines that “regulatory mechanisms for e-business are not yet in place in many countries”, while “many business transactions are still depend on trust” (2005, p.59). This means that there is still the lack of control over e-business that enhances the threat of frauds making it unreliable and quite risky compared to conventional business. In response to these potential threats the author recommends to develop a new corporate culture that will meet the demands of the New Economy.

At the same time, the New Economy may lead to the labor market disequilibrium. N.M. Chake argues that the development of new technologies lead to the consistent shift in the labor market (2005, p.60). To put it more precisely, professions related to IT and communications are growing popular while conventional professions gradually degrade while the gap in the level of income grows respectively to the changes in the labor market. It is worthy of mention that IT specialists are currently among the most well-paid jobs in the modern labor market, but the mismatch refers not only to the level of income but to the level of skills as well (Chake, 2005, p.60). Consequently, there is growing polarity between well-paid, highly qualified specialists and the rest of employees.

The same trends are typical to social disequilibrium. The author underlines that the modern networking contributes to the disproportionate digital divide where different social groups are more or less involved in the e-commerce. The divide depends on various factors, such as age, country of residence, social status, etc. The solution of this problem may be found only with the assistance of international developmental agencies, such as IMF, the World Bank and others (Chake, 2005, p.60).

Finally, there are innovation and developmental disequilibria which basically sprang out from the difference in the technological development of various companies and even countries (Chake, 2005, p.61). To put it more precisely, new technologies can put a company in an advantageous position compared to competitors or even lead to the monopoly if the company invents a totally new product or service, while countries are characterized by the different level of technological and scientific development and, therefore, have different and unequal potential and perspectives. In this respect, Chake underlines that the government should play the key role in the legislation in the domain of new technologies and e-commerce and state support and control of their development (2005, p.61).

Thus, it is possible to conclude that the development of the New Economy, in spite of optimistic forecasts of various specialists, is accompanied by numerous threats that can lead to significant disequilibria that latter can consistently change the existing social order and deteriorate socio-economic life of society contributing to the growing inequality between rich and qualified, on the one and, and poor and low-qualified, on the other. In such a situation, the government and international developmental agencies should regulate the development of New Economy and maintain the balance.
 

Essay on International Labor

International Labor. Positive and Negative Sides

Businesses can greatly benefit from globalization and usage of international labor force. However, there are pros and cons to using international labor.

Many businesses internationalize for economical reasons – they are looking for better conditions for their operations. Modern technologies made it possible and very easy to conduct business all over the world. The use of satellites, e-mails, faxes and the Internet makes workers all over the world very accessible. Many companies move abroad because of cheap labor force. One of the examples is India – the country offers high concentration of computer skills and low cost of labor. Many companies outsource their operations to various Indian cities.

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According to the Commerce Department, the United States will need 1 million new information-technology workers over the next decade. Already, 300,000 job vacancies exist in this field. Farmers are also complaining of worker shortages in low-paying agricultural jobs. The Unites States currently limits the number of workers who can enter the country on temporary work visas, however, this number might be raised to fill labor deficiencies in both high- and low-paying jobs.

Many members of the business community say that they cannot find enough multilingual and technically trained workers in their country to help keep the nation competitive in the global economy. Therefore, they support recruiting highly educated and trained foreign workers to fill this void. In U.S., proponents of increasing the number of visas for agricultural workers also think that foreign laborers would fill a hole in the labor market, not take jobs from Americans. They argue that many farms and food processing industries already employ illegal immigrants because of the tight U.S. labor market. Advocates say that more temporary work visas would encourage farmers to hire legal workers, thereby decreasing the flow of illegal immigrants across American border.

Many corporations hire the best professionals from all over the world. The easiest way to create a global company is through the means of the Internet. Google is one of the best examples. The company is famous all over the world. It adjusts its service engine and other products to the needs of many markets and cooperates with many local companies. Google has its employees in various corners of the world which helps to adjust the service for the local users.

There are also drawbacks and numerous opponents of using foreign workforce. Critics in U.S. and Europe say that jobs are being lost to both legal and illegal workers. They argue that foreign information-technology workers are not necessarily better skilled but are more willing to accept less pay and are less likely to challenge poor working conditions because they depend on their sponsor company for their legal right to remain in the country. Some opponents say that the ability of employers to import workers depresses wages in both high-tech and the agricultural industries.

Critical Reasoning Essay

Being an integral part of analytical science, critical thinking and reasoning present a unique tool for in-depth evaluation of almost any material. Let us try to analyze the passage from particular text. The current passage presents a discussion on a policy of greenhouse gas emissions reduction, accepted during Hague conference. The author criticizes the policy of emission credits that allows industrial plants polluting the environment to trade with facilities with low emission rates, buying the emission credits from them.

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The given text has a goal of convincing a reader that a greenhouse gas emissions reduction policy is an absurd practice. The author turns to rather wide audience, aiming his speech to a mass reader. The question posed in this writing covers a problem of environmental pollution as well as ignorance of big politics. The author used a variety of concepts, from clear official facts to metaphorical examples. The language and style used indicate some biased interpretation of material, as the writer expresses his viewpoint emotionally in some passages (where examples of crime reduction in Canada are provided). However, this bias is covert, as author attempts to sound unprejudiced.

The information presented may be looked at as an argument, based on the following explicitly presented thesis – the newly accepted policy on gas is headed on improving statistical indicators rather than on negative effect reduction. The argument framework looks as follows: premise 1 –> premise 2 –> premise 3 –> conclusion. I have identified the next argument in the given article:

1) There is an action named X (facilities with bad indicators purchase statistics from those with permissible level). 2) X is accepted appropriate for A (gas industry). 3) A is similar with B (environmental pollution and crime level both are acute social problems).

Conclusion: Thus, X is appropriate for B too (it is possible to employ this practice for crime reduction).

The author turns to the pseudo-logical evidence in his message. He states that it would be proper to employ the policy of gas emissions credits in other fields of social life. He turns to the example of Canada, which can purchase the statistics of low crime level from Denmark in order to show better numbers to the public. The argument has a metaphorical meaning in order to emphasize an absurd nature of this policy. Although there is a certain irony in this argument, it is rather effective, as the conclusion sounds persuasive for audience. This inductive type of argument expresses an author’s observation, employing a deliberate logical fallacy (false analogy). Implicitly applying the analogy of two different areas of life, the author of the present article demonstrates nonsense of criticized policy. Nevertheless, the argument presented is of no doubt valid, as it is organized in acceptable form. To sum up I may conclude that the current text presents a valid argument with a deliberate logical fallacy (false analogy) applied in order to emphasize a thesis statement. Although the truth of this argument’s conclusion is questionable, the entire soundness of the author’s logic is indisputable.

Essay on Sexuality

Raising Children with a Healthy Understanding of Sexuality

We all got perfectly used to the fact that today, in our hypersexualized society, the “intimations” from being intimate became open to the public. The sex messages are readily found on corner billboards and in sitting area magazines, to say nothing about the TV, movies, and the Internet. Nowadays, the kids are simply assailed with the sexuality in the media. And, as in the modern world the role of the media in a child’s life is overstated, there are certainly a lot of misrepresentations and wrong assumptions about sex that have to be corrected. And the way to correct them is to give a healthy sexual education to the modern children.

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With all these said, personally I consider that it is a must for sex education to start at home. Children are surrounded by too much confusion and this confusion should be cleared out as soon as possible, before the mistakes are made. I think, and my opinion is supported by the modern researches, that the parents should take up onto themselves to explain and clarify for their children what the sex and sexuality are all about. On the other hand, talking to the children about sex is certainly not an easy job. It is very uncomfortable and most parents cannot find a way to start this conversation, to say nothing, find what to say. But this cannot be a good enough reason for them to put this duty off (American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry).

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, “children and adolescents need input and guidance from parents to help them make healthy and appropriate decisions regarding their sexual behavior since they can be confused and overstimulated by what they see and hear”. Moreover the information that they see or hear may be wrong and even harmful. Some parents may wrongly consider that to feed and dress is the child is the most important and vital tasks expected from them. However, this is not quite true. Talking to the children about love, intimacy, and sexuality is also an essential part of parenting.

As, the “sex topic” is considered to be not a very pleasant one a lot of parents tend to put off this conversation, comforting themselves by saying that the “big talk” will be raised in the nearest future. Conversely, raising sexually healthy and adequate children is not about giving a single “big talk” when they reach a certain age. It is a core duty of parents to raise the question of sexuality all through the life of a child, providing him/her with different and more detailed information as he/she gets older and develops physically and emotionally. Actually, the job of the parents as sexual educators begins when the child is very young (Haffner). As surprising as it is, by touching the baby, by playing with it, talking to it, even the way you decorate its room and dress it you teach it about intimacy that is the first step to learn about sexuality (Haffner).

The right time to talk to children about sex is during their young ages. At the age of three or four the children are at their most curious stages. They learn more about the body and it is very important to introduce the sexuality to the child by explaining him/her the right names of the body parts, as well as the differences between boys and girls. A great advantage of this age is that the children are usually very vocal about things they are unfamiliar with and do not hesitate to ask questions. A very important thing at this stage is to create an open environment in the family and show the child that his questions are welcomed and the parents are ready to answer them in full (Pike). What should be remembered is that talking to children about sex at such an early age can actually diminish the discomfort and ache that comes with teaching the subject later on.

When the child reaches the age between five and eight she/he becomes able to understand more complex issues about health, relationships, disease, and sexuality. At this point the children are ready to learn more about the life around them. They become interested in such issues as the birth, families, relationship and death. Today by the age of eight an average child has probably already heard of the sexually transmitted diseases at least such as AIDS from TV or school. As a result, the child may have questions or fears about sex and sexuality in general (Stark). According to Patty Stark, at this point it is very important that parents give their children some concrete examples from their own life. For example, a mother can describe her personal experience of being a mother. She can explain her child they way she got pregnant and gave birth, as well as why men cannot become pregnant, etc (Stark).

It is vitally important that the questions of sexuality and sex are raised before the puberty age. Because even though the puberty process may seem rather easy, for a child it is complicated and crucial indeed. So the parents should prepare their child for this stage of his/her life and not let him/her simply go with a flow (Koblinsky). If the children are aware of the changes that are about to happen they will be ready to meet them once they actually happen. Yet, if the child is uninformed of the upcoming changes he/she may be shocked when they come, lose self-confidence and become introverted and shy.

What should be remembered is that both parents should participate in teaching their child about sexuality. Yet, what can be observed that in many families the mother is the one taking up the task to talk to her kids about sexuality. In some homes the mother talks to the daughters, while the father talks to his sons. This approach may seem to be a common sense, however, it is a must for children to hear the opinions of both genders. Such an approach teaches the children that men and women can talk about sexuality together. Learning this skill is vital for the child’s future when he/she will be building the relationships of his/her own (Koblinsky).

Some people believe that talking to children about sex encourages early sexual activity. Nevertheless, a good sex education is vital for young people to make knowledgeable choices when the time comes. It is obvious that children need to know about sex - both anatomically and emotionally - and that they need accurate information once they are developed enough to understand it. Some people also believe that when talking about sex one should focus on the harmful consequences of the sexual activity. This is especially true when talking to teenagers. Nevertheless, the parents should remember that a child, without a shadow of doubt, deserves to know that his sexuality is not at all evil. Moreover, showing sexual feelings in a responsible and conversant manner can be a critical and satisfying part of an adult relationship (Basso).

Today parents are not alone anymore in dealing with the questions of sexuality because these days sexual education became a part of curricula of many schools. Nonetheless, it is still the parents’ responsibility and duty to start the sexual education at home and not wait till the child will be offered such a course at school (SIECUS). Yes, giving a child a healthy sexual education is not easy. Furthermore, it takes some courage, some effort, and some work. But the truth is, that giving children honest, and straightforward sexual information will enrich their minds and develop their souls. As well as it will boost children’s confidence and self-esteem. It is clear that the effort is worth the candle.

The US Airlines Essay

The History of the United States Airlines Since 1945

Introduction 

The US Airlines is one of the largest companies operating in the US market in the airline industry. To put it more precisely, at the present moment the company is one of the leaders of the industry in the US and is a popular brand that has gained the public recognition and loyalty of its customers. Naturally, the company had a long way to go to achieve such a tremendous success in the national as well as international market and, in this respect, the post-World War II years were really important since it is exactly within this period the company has been formed and evolved into the national leader among American airline companies.

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At the same time, the history of the US Airlines since 1945 is really noteworthy and even necessary to analyze and research because it provides ample information on the development of the US aviation and airlines in the second half of the 20th century. In such a way, it will be possible to understand not only the reasons for the successful development of the company but also reveal the major trends which are typical to American and even world airlines and the future perspectives of their development.

The post-World War II period in the history of the US Airlines 
First of all, it is necessary to start with the post-World War II period, probably the most important period in the history of the US Airlines. Obviously, this period may be characterize as the turning point in the history of the company since the changes that had occurred during late 1940s – 1950s were really crucial to the further development of the company and, to a significant extent, determined its future. In this respect, it should be pointed out that after the end of the World War II, the US Airlines, which at the epoch was named All American Aviation Company, changed their policy considerably.

To put it more precisely, before the war, namely when the company was just formed, it basically focused on the air transportation of various goods and mail. In such a way, it is possible to estimate that its specialization was air mail services which was later enlarged by the provision of air cargo services. However, after the end of the war, the company’s management had realized the necessity of changes and the possibility to enlarge the services the company could supply to its customers. Moreover, the new services could considerably improve the position of the company in the market since, in actuality, the new services practically opened new markets for the company to enter. This is why in 1949, the company began passenger service which became an important part of the company services and, what is more, gradually, the passenger service became the major area the functioning of the entire company was focused on.

Naturally, such a change, or enlargement of services supplied to customers were determined by objective reasons and it was not just the willingness of the US Airlines to diversify its services and increase the number of customers but it was also determined by the actual situation in the national economy. It should be said that after the end of the World War II, the US economy was growing rapidly and, therefore, the competition in the traditional segment of the market where the US Airlines traditionally operated increased considerably while the need in passenger service was a perfect, alternative segment where the company could enter and improve its position due to the implementation of new service.

On other hand, the entering of passenger service in the late 1940s could hardly be possible without technological innovations. To put it more precisely, the passenger service needed new aircrafts and, in such a situation, the company made a choice in favor of DC-3’s which proved to be efficient and comfortable that meet the basic goals the company had before entering the new segment of the market.

In such a situation, 1950s became the period when the company attempted to gain the public recognition and increase its share in the market. It should be pointed out that in 1953, the company changed its name to Allegheny Airlines that was supposed to create a positive effect on the public image on the company’s brand since the new name was supposed to be more attractive to customers, easier to remember and, in fact, the new name symbolized the new epoch in the history of the company since it has changed or, to put it more precisely, enlarged its services, and, therefore, it has changed its name.

In general, the late 1940s – 1950s may be characterized as the period of growth and the first efforts to gain its own niche in the market of passenger service made by the US Airlines.

The history of the US Airlines in 1960s -1980s 
Nevertheless, the first decade and a half after the end of the World War II were basically characterized as the period of the formation of the company, while the real progress the US Airline had made during the following three decades when the company evolved from the regional company to the national leader which became a really powerful and serious company which could be able to compete not only on the national market but also had a potential to entering international markets as well. In this respect, it should be said that the growth of the company following 1950s formation period started with the considerable changes and innovations implemented in 1950s. Basically, 1960s may be characterized as the period of the great technological progress made by the company since it is during this decade the company had implemented important innovations in its services which increased their quality substantially that could not fail to affect the customers and their preferences. To put it more precisely, the technological innovations of the 1960s, started with the beginning of the use of Convair 580 service in 1965. The following year the first jet service was introduce with the debut of its first DC-9. In fact, this innovations may be viewed as a breakthrough in the functioning of the company because they were really important and what is more they were innovative. It is not a secret that the use of jet services in the mid-1960s was a really progressive step in the promotion of the company in the national market since it increased the quality of its services. Obviously, the use of this new service provided the company with a possibility to make the flights considerably faster and more comfortable compared to its competitors that had not implemented this service at the moment.

No wonder that by the late 1960s the company had a possibility to the market expansion since it simply needed to grow. This is why in 1968, Lake Central Airlines based in Indianapolis merged into the Allegheny Airlines (Rogers 2004). In fact, the following couple of decades were marked by the further expansion of the company and its transformation in the airline company operating nationwide. To put it more precisely, in 1972, Mohawk airlines merged into the company and by the late 1970s the company expanded its route network to the Southern US. It is worthy of mention that it is during this period the company had changed its name into the US Airlines that was quite a natural step since the company had been evolving in a company operating nationwide. This process was continued in 1980, when Pacific Southwest Airlines and Piedmont Airlines merged into the US Air (Williams 2003). It is in 1980s when the company started to use Boeing 737.

The history of the US Airlines in 1990s 
The 1990s were marked by the efforts of the company to enter the international markets. To meet this goal, the company launched its close cooperation with British Airways and in 1993, the company got a 300 million dollars investment by its partner, followed by reorganization targeting at the increasing effectiveness of the functioning of the company. As a result, the company started to modernize its fleet and in the mid-1990s it placed the order for a series of Airbus 320 which were supposed to enlarge its fleet and replace Boeing 737. It should be pointed out that the major goal of the company was to make its fleet less expansive and its service more available to an average customer. It is worthy of mention that in the late 1990s the company introduced its Metro-Jet service which attempted to compete with low-cost carriers in the East.

Conclusion: The US Airlines at the present days 
The early 2000s were marked by a profound crisis of the entire industry which affected the US Airlines dramatically. The crisis was provoked by the September 11 terror attacks and the following financial crisis and stagnation of the airline industry. As a result, within a year after the terror attacks the company was on its way to bankruptcy but due to the government-guaranteed loan it had managed to overcome the financial difficulties.

Nowadays, the company has partially recovered from the crisis of the early 2000s and regained its leading position in the national market. Today, the company pays a particular attention to the international markets and the international market expansion is one of its major objectives for the future.

Why I Want to Be a Nurse Essay

Taking the decision what profession to choose is vitally important for everybody. The best variant would seem to take up a profession, which can be interesting, challenging, developmental and well paid. In this paper I am going to explain my choice of nursing career and the main reasons of this choice and my major expectations for the future.

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First of all nursing presumes different possible positions at hospitals, clinics, nursing faculties and so on. This means that I could have the possibility not only to work at certain place all the time, this means that I could be able to be trained and get the experience in various settings and could choose the most appropriate specialty for me: either a critical care nurse or psychiatric nurse or anesthetist or some other. As soon as a person becomes a professional nurse a lot of possibilities are opened for him, his knowledge could be applied for creating a disaster relief center, his own nursing home or help for delivering babies. There is really no need to concentrate on some certain place or sphere, once you have the necessary skills you can choose the field that you like, either working with elderly or young people, working directly with patients or teaching others. I do not like routine work and I am sure that nursing is far from it. Being a nurse one could hardly experience two workdays that are the same, every day a nurse has to encounter different problems and situations; to be able to solve them and learn something new from them this is what really matters for me. Besides this profession is rather flexible, you can choose your work schedule or work shift and you can choose you geographical location as well: from downtown clinical center to some rural areas. Moreover, the researches prove that by the year 2008 new nursing occupations are planned. In the USA, for example, health care market is getting bigger and bigger, there is no actually age limit and people of 20 to 50 can start nursing career. (Buogh, 15)

If I am able to get some additional training and the necessary experience I could think of career growth. I believe after getting a nurse degree it is necessary to find the best suitable mentor for starting the job and developing the experience. Mostly nurses work as teams, but still this is a kind of independent job; there are a lot of managers, educators, clinical nurse specialists and so on who work on their own. I do not have any problems working as a part of a team, besides in the beginning this seems to me even better, because the members of the team can support and help each other.

This is a stabile job and everything would depend only on me if I am able to learn, to work hard to get new experience, to understand and to feel the most important moments how to take care of people, how to help them, how to show your moral support and so on. All these points are really important, as everybody should not only do his job, but also do it perfectly and be personally satisfied with the results. Without any doubts this job is hard because dealing with sick or injured people is a rather subtle task, but is it also rewarding because you see that you are able to help the patient.

The experience and knowledge that I can receive when working as a nurse I could apply not only to other people, but to my family and myself, as well.