tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-43284399664375151572024-03-13T09:42:31.558-07:00All Free PapersFree sample essays, free research papers, example term papers, research proposals and dissertations.Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger126125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4328439966437515157.post-3312154325845450882015-04-03T17:08:00.000-07:002015-04-03T17:08:03.981-07:00Alternative Medicine Research Paper<div style="text-align: justify;">
Non-conventional medicine refers to a variety of treatment methods from sometimes age-old traditions and practices that have emerged around the 19th century, generally before the scientific method. </div>
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Non-conventional medicines are for this reason overall considered pseudo-scientific by part of the medical community, but a growing number of doctors are studying them and adding them to their medical practice.
They are also known under the names of alternative medicine, parallel medicine, holistic medicine, traditional medicine, complementary medicine, and natural medicine.</div>
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The World Health Organization (WHO) includes alternative and complementary medicine in traditional medicines.</div>
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It states: the terms "alternative medicine" or "complementary medicine" are used interchangeably with the term "traditional medicine" in some countries." They cover a wide range of health care practices that are not part of the traditions of the country and which are not incorporated in their dominant health care system.”
In terms scientific medicine, the concept of alternative medicine seems to imply two concepts of medicine involving two care systems operating independently from the other, with the same degree of efficiency and scientificity: thus, patients have the possibility to choose between two therapeutic methods they can consider as alternative and competing or complementary one to the other. Secondly, the appellation 'soft medicine' seems to consider conventional medicine as a set of aggressive practices.</div>
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Alternative medicine considers these practices of care such as substitute, likely to replace a classical and conventional therapeutic approach. Skeptics prefer to talk about pseudo-medicine or pseudo-science to avoid this rhetoric effect.
The term 'holistic' is a reproach to conventional medicine to treat a body, a symptom or a function and not the patient in its entirety, which applies to separate medical specialties but not systematically to medicine in general.</div>
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The term "complementary medicine" favours the idea of associating treatments involving "therapeutic philosophies" different but able to cooperate in the interest of the patient.
Number of these medicines find their origin in the Asian traditions (Chinese, Indian) and are related to the philosophies and cultures of these countries. Hence, the term "Western medicine" for conventional medicine, while it also has various origins (including Egyptian and Arab, see the history of medicine) and not only Western, and on the other hand, the Japanese and Chinese dignitaries have widely use "Western medicine." Some unconventional practices may, however, find their origin in the local traditions of the West or even have been developed in a recent period (the case of multiple energy practices).
To write a good research proposal on the topic we recommend you consulting free sample research papers on alternative medicine. These free papers, if properly written by skilled writers, are able to give you full understanding of scientific writing rules and principles, as well as possibility to use the important data for you own researches.
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4328439966437515157.post-46163244269672977612014-05-07T06:42:00.001-07:002014-05-07T06:42:08.680-07:00Trade Area Analysis Essay<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><u>Trade Area Analysis: The Example of Best Buy in Toronto Area</u></b></div>
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<b>Trade area delimitation for Best Buy stores</b></div>
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Ten Best Buy stores are shown on the map and have an almost even distribution all over Toronto. However, there is still a higher concentration of the stores in the south-western section of Toronto city, which is more densely populated. Apparently, Best Buy aspires to serve all the customers in Toronto, and this explains the wide area distribution of its stores. Each store is located a relatively far distance away from other stores to avoid overlapping the market, while at the same time covering a larger market area.</div>
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Possible new store locations can be identified using the Thiessen polygon technique to Map One. Theoretically, the boundary line vertices are considered as being the best sites for new stores. These locations are recognized as being poorly served areas since the people residing around the areas have to travel fairly long distance to get to a Best Buy store. Moreover, best Buy stores in such locations are less likely to be in competition with Best Buy stores around it.</div>
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Possible new Best Buy stores are identified using little triangles. There are nine locations identified as possible new Best Buy store locations. Of all the locations under consideration, West Site location seems the most unrealistic. Although it is found on the junction of boundaries, it is located exactly where the Pearson International Airport is which has a sparse human population. Opening a new store at this location is not pragmatic as most of the market area will be occupied by the Pearson International airport and so will not have any significant impact on new customers or sales for Best Buy chain. Similarly, the sixth spot falls on the Toronto Zoo and the whole location is covered by green spaces therefore; there is no economic point in opening a new best Buy store at this location. West Site numbers two and three locations are very close to each other so it is more appropriate to choose only one of the sites. On the East Site, location numbers four and five are also located close to each other so only one spot should be chosen as the location for a new Best buy store.</div>
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With the two new possible Best buy sites; the South Site and the East Site on the map, market areas for existing new Best Buy stores changes. The stores not affected by the new store locations are Oakville, Woodbridge, Heartland, Bramptch and Ajax. The market areas for Downsview, Sherway, Markham, Leaside and Scarborough will be slashed into smaller areas. As is seen on Map Two, these market areas will become much smaller and more evenly distributed and will result in the capture of more customers. The two sites are both located in the in the vertices of the polygons, which implies that these areas are poorly served by Best Buy. Adding the new stores will make it more convenient for best Buy customers as they will be able to travel shorter distances to reach a store.</div>
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Comparing the East and South Sites, it is clear they are both densely populated. Judging from the satellite imagery, most of the people in the area live in houses with both the areas being easily accessible. Although they will cause a shift in the market share, the market areas for the existing and new Best Buy stores will be more even. The present challenge however, is the availability of space for the new proposed stores. The theoretical new store locations are both found inside residential areas. However, expanding the potential areas will enable the location of available suitable spaces to construct new stores. Apart from finding a location to construct the stores, opening new Best Buy stores in the two locations will not result in the “cannibalisation” of the neighbouring stores.</div>
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As can be seen from the map, the Fairview Mall store and the downtown store are very close to the two possible new store sites identified in Map One. The two stores are found in the region where customers were originally served poorly. Now the customers will be better off as they will travel shorter distances, while the new store locations will likely capture more customers. However, the two stores are located close to the polygon edge meaning that they may be too close to the neighbouring stores and will likely to compete with each other.</div>
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The smaller polygons show the relatively well served regions, so closing a store in one of these areas with smaller polygons will theoretically not result in significant inconvenience to Best Buy customers. It depends on how far customers will have to travel to access another store after one or some of the stores are closed and how this compares to the distance the customer travelled before closure. In practice, other factors should be put into consideration when deciding to open new stores or close existing ones. For example, it can be tricky to open or close a store when determining the acceptable distance customers have to cover to reach a store. Best Buy stores in reality are not identical such that closing one and opening another will have no effect on consumer preferences. Some customers could prefer using one store to another because of the micro differentiation of each best buy store. Closing a store can also result in Best Buy’s competitors finding an opportunity to set up, resulting in an overall loss of customers.<br />
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To efficiently apply the Thiessen polygon technique several assumptions have to be made such as a disincentive to travel long distance as has been assumed in real life. Another assumption is that all the stores are identical to each other. This assumption will work well on the Best Buy store chains as the products in each of the stores are similar in quality and price, while they are similar in size. Although there might be a variation in service in each store, it does not have a significant bearing on the consumers. Consumers are assumed to be economic operators who are fully informed and know all the locations and distances to stores so they make the most rational choices by going to the nearest Best Buy store. For instance, it will be easy for consumers to Google or use mapping software like GPS and find the nearest Best Buy store. Though a having a chain of Best Buy stores fits this model better than others, the method still has downsides to its sue. In reality, stores can never be absolutely identical, information transparency may not exist, and customers may not be as rational as they can be. If Best Buy stores form part of a large shopping area that vary in size, the Thiessen polygon technique will not be very effective. Larger shopping areas have a tendency to attract more customers. The indifference line will be further away from the large shopping areas rather than splitting the market through the middle. This phenomenon is referred to as the gravity model.<br />
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Converse breakpoint method takes into account both the distance and size when delimiting market areas. In this method, a formula exists for calculating a breakpoints’ position. Determining the size entails establishing the store area, the employee numbers, and number of parking spaces, among other factors. This model is more suitable since it allows variation in the store sizes. However, this method assumes the existence of a special monopoly in the market area. In reality, market areas commonly overlap so monopolies are rare. This problem can be overcome using the Huff model as it calculates the probability that customers in this area will prefer shop at one of a number of stores, enabling the creation of a map of overlapped market areas.<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4328439966437515157.post-47683819410055973332013-11-04T08:14:00.003-08:002013-11-04T08:14:42.447-08:00Essay on Pricing<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Pricing</b> is indeed a very important tool with which an organization can market its products and increase the profit margins. Indeed, I was in a good position to appreciate this fact after I interviewed a few people during the Triathlon MLB even. During the event, I observed that many of the stands that were at the venue were offering some products that had different price tags. </div>
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During the interviews, I found out that price is usually determined based on a number of factor. The first factor is the time within which the product has stayed in the market. In this respect, products that have been on the market for more than two years have always attracted lower prices than those that have been developed and brought into the market in less than two years. </div>
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Pricing of the product is also determined by the nature of clients the vendors deal with. In this respect, price differentiation becomes a very important tool of marketing. For consumers that are in the suburbs, prices of the periods sole would be relatively higher than those that are sold in the low-end user regions. In this respect, business persons do give great consideration to the ability of the consumer to spend on a product. </div>
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The backdrop of this consideration of that the consumer’s price of persons living in the suburbs would be relatively higher than those that love in the low economic regions. </div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4328439966437515157.post-44255365844234518652013-08-22T03:54:00.002-07:002013-08-22T03:54:55.799-07:00Essay on Inferno<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><u>Inferno</u></b></div>
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The author of the comedy, Dante was reported to have been born in Florence in 1265. The author’s family was not poor and as such he had a good basic education, and even managed to further his studies exploring Latin, poetry, art, philosophy, history and biblical studies (Lawall & Maynard 1). It is reported that he was studious and private by nature and is unlikely to have produced the comedy had he not started serving the public in various councils and capacities. Politics in Florence was a dangerous game, and during one of his many trips away, his detractors hatched a plot that saw him decide to stay away from the city and live in Northern Italy. It was while here that he began writing his great work that is the subject of this report (Lawall & Maynard 1).</div>
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The author in creating the comedy diverged considerably from many norms followed by poets of this era. For example, it’s the first major literature of its time to use Italian vernacular instead of the Florentine dialect. It is reported that due to such divergence Italian vernacular and not Florentine dialect is today the national language (Lawall & Maynard 3).</div>
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<b>Selecting Circles Of Dante's Version Of Hell And Explain How The Punishment Fits The Sin</b><br />
In addition to variation in language the author also used a considerably different style presentation a sis seen in the three line stanzas and changes in canticles. The author calls the comedy a work of morality and the goal of the poem is to call people to follow the good life as a way to happiness.<br />
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In Dante’s poetic depiction of hell, it is divided into nine major circles. Of the nine circles, eight correspond to levels of sin. The first circle is an exception, where the worthy unbaptised, people from before Christianity are punished for the fault of not being baptized (Lawall & Maynard 8). As one goes deeper into hell, the circles get progressively worse both in terms of sin and punishment. The purpose of this report is to provide a brief glimpse of the punishments for different sins. To accomplish this, three sins will be selected and their corresponding punishments. It should be noted that these sins involve breaking God’s eternal law and for which repentance has not been obtained. These sins can be classified as the ‘seven deadly sins’ or cardinal sins. Their punishment is harsh due to their cardinality, as all other sins stems from these roots (Lawall & Maynard 8).<br />
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The nature of punishment for the sins is based on Aristotelian philosophy of reciprocity, ‘an eye for an eye’ . For this reason many sins have a significant resemblance to the act itself, for instance the lustful are constantly blown about by winds just as they allowed their passions drive them to distraction. In a similar fashion diviners have their heads turned back, just as they often made claims of possessing an ability to look forward into the future. The wrathful are made constant subjects of each other’s anger and the people who shed blood are immersed in boiling blood and attacked by ferocious beasts each time they surface for air . Though the comedy appears to concur with classical Christian concepts, the main difference in the comedy lies in Dante’s classification of sins. For example as opposed to using the seven cardinal sins, the author comes up with additional classifications. The author includes sins of ‘incontinence’, ‘mad brutishness’ or ‘malice ’ .<br />
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Though the sins remain the same, this classification introduces new concepts such as appetite and uses this to create a list of simple and complex sins of the appetite . The use of vulgar language by the author is aimed at making the reading appealing to all, and its wide acceptance is proof of the literary genius behind this work.
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4328439966437515157.post-15453042128670208082013-05-14T03:03:00.002-07:002013-05-14T03:04:15.354-07:00Santiago Calatrava Essay<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>1. Describe the work. In your own words, tell what you see. </b></div>
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The Santiago Calatrava train station represents a stunning, low-lying bird architectural tunnel; lit in golden yellow colors and white light. The structure represents order and tranquility expected to add value to the rail station scenery. </div>
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<i>A. What is the primary subject matter?</i> </div>
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The rail station subject matter is incorporating a sculpture structure into a functional structure based on a motion by a bird on flight. The primary subject matter of the design enhances the architectural design to function as a railway station. </div>
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<i>B. Are the images real or imagined? </i></div>
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The images are real, the environment is represented, the parking lot is real and functioning and the tunnel railway itself is facilitated as a real image by the presence of the aforementioned features. Use of natural light and shadows creates a sense of reality. Movements of lines create motion and depth that add value to the image realness. </div>
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<i>C. What is the form (how is the work put together, what is the medium?) </i></div>
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Santiago Calatrava used glass and steel frames as medium of expressing his artistic and architectural genius. The work is put together using concrete pillars that support the steel arching structure that make out a bird’s wings that assemble into a beak at the extreme western side. </div>
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<i>D. What style is it? </i></div>
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The style is a naturalistic style, in which steel framework act like a bone structure joined support the glass which fills that space. The naturalistic style is predominant since the roof looks like sky and the walls take a white color.</div>
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<b>2. Analyze the formal aspects of the work.</b><br />
From the western side a bird in flight is pronounced creating an illusion of a structure on motion. At first stance, the two sitting steel arches create a striking illusion of reality that tower up high for about 40 meters. Use of line is very particular in strengthening the structure, diagonal lines arching inward into the structure from the roof stand strong pillars that hold up the roof. <br />
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<i> A. Does the work seem unified or chaotic? </i><br />
The shape of the structure unifies the work, which is like a human eye from the front and a bird on flight from east and west direction. <br />
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<i>B. Does the work feel balanced? </i><br />
The work is balanced through use of line and shape. Lines converge at the western end of the structure and the wings rise at both sides leaving a ridge in between to separate the winged outer convex structure. The ridge balances the work; the wings balance each other by the lift acquired on both sides, which represent a fraction that is a quarter to the length of the structure. <br />
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<i>C. What is the general mood of the work (pleasant, disturbing, exciting...?) </i><br />
The structure creates a general pleasant mood brought about by presence of blue colors at the ridge and arch and a white color at the sides and walls of the hemispherical train station. <br />
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<b>3. Interpret the work. </b><br />
<i> A. What is the artist saying about his/her subject? </i><br />
The artist infused flight into the structure to represent the busy travelers expected to use the Port authority Trans Hudson train station to either catch a train or take a flight. <br />
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<i> B. Is the work pleasant or uncomfortable to look at? </i><br />
The work is inspiring to look at and adds value to the topography of the train station as an architectural masterpiece that infuses art, creativity and engineering.<br />
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<i>C. Consider the colors used. How do they affect you? </i><br />
The artist used blue colors on the ridges’ roof glass to represent the sky. The diagonal glass fillers are transparent to allow direct flow of natural light. The concrete pillars and steel support structures are displayed in excellent white color that creates peace and tranquility. The steel pillars are painted white to blend with the sky and clouds.<br />
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<i>D. Consider any symbols used. Do any images seem “out of place”? </i><br />
The most striking symbol is a bird on flight, which correlated with the function of the station’s airport and train facilities. The second symbol is the human eye, through the eye of the station, people travel afar. <br />
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<i>E. Is the work influenced by a particular time, place, or belief?</i> <br />
The work is highly influenced by the naturalistic belief that architectural structures ought o add value to the environment by either blending in or by standing out as a center of aesthetic value. The Port authority trans Hudson train station stands out as an aesthetic structure of the 21st century away from the old blocks of structures. Use of steel and glass to facilitate use of natural light is a new notion towards curbing global warming by utilizing renewable energy like natural light. <br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4328439966437515157.post-76975617709973680392013-03-20T10:21:00.000-07:002013-03-20T10:21:00.996-07:00Susan Glaspell "Trifles" essay<div style="text-align: justify;">
This play is based on a simplistic but deceptive ground as implied by the title. Using a straightforward setting, the author intelligently surfaces two conflicting ideas through the choice of characters. The play is mainly about the “insiders” and “outsiders” as suggested by Holstein. The play presents the audience with two concepts about the scientific methodical investigative approach and the informal disorderly investigative approach. In this case, the investigators were the county Attorney, the sheriff, and a neighbor to this homestead. Mrs. Peters, and Mrs. Hale, who are wives to the Sheriff and neighbor respectively, accompanied them. There is a difference in perception by men and women during the investigations. Women were quiet from the beginning of the investigation because they were not part of the investigation team but had come to collect some household materials for Minnie Wright, who was then behind bars in prison over the alleged murder of her husband, Mr. John Wright. Men are portrayed as “outsiders,” whereas their wives are the “insiders’” in the play. This is based on how they carried on with their investigations and the results (Holstein 45).<br /><br />Men perceived the setting literally as lone farmhouse that had no evidence of life in it. On the other hand, women perceived the place as a home. The men’s interpretation did not involve any feeling or association to the place, which is why they perceived it from the outside as lonely farmhouse. Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale associated with the place as the home where people lived and interacted (Glaspell 8).<br /><br />The “outsiders” (men) used formal scientific approaches of investigation to gather facts. They were mainly concerned with facts that related to the murder and had no time for other minute details, which they thought was not important at that time. The attorney uses the investigation book to guide in gathering what was required in the case. They are systematic in their investigation procedures as they move from one room to the other conducting their search. At the end of their investigations in the rooms, both the Sheriff and the Attorney are convinced beyond any reasonable doubt that no stone had been left unturned, except for the unnecessary details (Glaspell 12). Interestingly, they discover at the end of the play that they had not gathered any tangible evidence related to the murder and were as naïve as they had been before the investigations. During the investigations, they followed a predetermined procedure and did not associate with Mr. Wright’s situation to dig out some of the details they had overlooked. To them, there was no difference between Mr. Wright and his wife. They are considered as “outsiders” in this play because they separated themselves from the situation and conducted their investigations as third parties. This explains why they gathered information as their approach would allow them. In addition, the source of conflict was internal. It was about the oppression Mrs. Wright had been subjected to by her husband. She killed him to regain her spirit back and be free (Glaspell 22).<br /><br />On the other hand, women were keen on detail. They conducted their research without a particular but applied one principle that saw them unveiling the critical evidence to the case, something that men had not been able to perceive. They identified with Mrs. Wright’s situation as part of her suffering. They visualized what she had undergone and tried re-enacting her actions. This qualifies them as “insiders” to the conflict. Only the oppressed understands the pain of oppression, not the oppressor. The play was set in a male dominated society where men oppressed and disregarded their wives. Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters found it easy to unveil the evidence because they tackled the source of conflict by relating to their own experiences. Perhaps, they were also undergoing the same experience and psychological imprisonment that Mrs. Wright had been undergoing. They understood what had compelled Minnie to kill her husband. Ironically, men could not reach this level of thinking because they had not acknowledged that they were the source of oppression to their wives (Holstein 47).<br /><br />As described before, this play is set in a male dominated society and women were mistreated by their husbands. This explains why the three men investigating the case looked down upon their wives and thought that nothing good could come out of their investigations. Had they accepted that they were the cause of distress in their wives, they could nave gauged why and how the murder took place (Glaspell 26). Consequently, they would have unveiled the critical evidence. They were not interested in knowing what had compelled Mrs. Wright to kill the husband but only viewed her from the legal perspective, a criminal and murderer. This makes them outsiders to the conflict in the play because of their lack of attention to detail. Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale are insiders to the conflict and identify with it through their own life experiences. This is the reason they managed to get to the minute detail and found the evidence men had not been able. Despite their decision to remain silent, they turn out as successful, even though they had been portrayed as inferior. Their decision to keep quiet is justified because Mrs. Wright had done the right thing and as long as men were naïve about it, they would use the same approach to gaining the freedom.<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4328439966437515157.post-15108662032126937712013-02-08T06:10:00.000-08:002013-02-08T06:10:38.694-08:00Example of a Research Paper<h1 style="text-align: center;">
Free Example of a Research Paper</h1>
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Major changes to the program in most developed countries for the past eight years have led to significant expert growth programs, particularly those relating to additional education and learning. These were mostly by means of workshops or classes where instructors joined specified schools. They were required to travel, which meant extra time away from universities and expenses such as transport costs. While advantages of in-service exercising are available, some authors are still criticizing it. Different techniques to computer expertise growth that are more affordable with regards to useful sources may better fit the needs of the developed and developing nations.</div>
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In this perspective, a research was performed into the effectiveness of school-based computer growth programs. Below is a very simple edition of the computer database integration levels. The designs' characteristics decide the actual work-flow, which in many circumstances is much more repetitive than this article indicates (Mertler, 2008). Nevertheless, these subsections do provide general information on the database integration strategy that one should use. In broader conditions, one should split the growth procedure into three primary stages: research, development, and distribution. Each of these primary levels should contain several sub-stages, all of which form the complete growth procedure. Each level results to a specific decision or product that is a fundamental element of the overall growth procedure, or both. In most circumstances, the venture designer and customers should communicate during all the three levels.</div>
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<b>Research stage</b><br />
During the Research Level, one should perform an initial discovery of the customers needs and wants so that a decision can be made on whether or not it is likely that there is a go between the client's needs and wants. If a prospective for such a go prevails and the client is enthusiastic about acquiring the presented solutions, one should settle on the agreement's details. Depending on these discussions, both parties choose on whether or not they want to perform together on the application's growth. The collection of historical data from one’s company or a competitor in the industry would give better results.<br />
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<b>Contract developing course</b><br />
If both associates choose that they do want to perform together on the application's growth, appropriate records are finalized. This phase also represents the client's contract in protecting the necessary costs as described in the finalized agreements. An extensive papers is then put together explaining the program and its performance on growth cost framework and schedule. This procedure is considerably complicated, and usually begins with any heritage programs or currently managed perform procedure analysis. This then continues with an analysis on different kinds of customer’s needs and wants (Hinchey, 2008).<br />
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One relatively easy, yet very appropriate way to describe the appropriate procedures from the technological viewpoint is to say that the details that are being gathered from the customers can be separated into topics, features of such topics, and work-flow that explains. Depending on the customer’s needs analysis, topics become platforms and characteristics of these topics become new platforms. Workflow related factors are used for determining what types of customer connections are required. For example, the types of reviews, the components required, and how the types should be linked to each other.<br />
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<b>Development stage</b><br />
The venture associates must do what is required to fulfill the explanations that are published in the Customers Specifications Declaration. The program growth and programming procedure and the examining with the customers procedure that are described below may have to be recurred until all the necessities specified in declaration have been met. Well recorded application requirements help to reduce the number of development and customer testing periods that are required. Project designers should also take notices in planning for the application's next, improved edition (Reilly, 2003).<br />
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It should be noted that different customers should test the application. Project designers should make sure that they have the necessary sources available for managing all the reviews. The new application ought to fulfill the customers’ needs successfully. The greatest distinction in this area is the venture producer's ability to carry out performance testing. Based on these findings, the venture designer must recognize the projects and goals that have to be met so that application's utilization issues are exercised.<br />
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Project designer should make sure that the customer associate group and the client's control associates stay dedicated to the purposes, its development related organized source needs, and its utilization in the development atmosphere (Mitchell, 2008). Every application development function and performance that is described in customers’ specifications declaration should get enough attention, and in every step of the way, different features should be finished on time.<br />
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If required, venture designers should use the additional or back-up sources that were determined during the venture preparation level. Project designers should be careful about assigning some time to other sources for growth of new capabilities, unless the client demands them. If a currently managed step satisfies customers’ specifications statement's information, it is advisable to work with it. People can always think about something better than they have. Therefore, any product can be considered better than it currently is. Reality can never be compared to what individuals’ creativity can create. At a certain point, the additional time put into the additional upgrades simply does not rationalize the outcomes. So, the client should make the advised choices about when the additional costs should be validated. One can always make the next edition of the present program. Below is a representation of a developed program.<br />
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<b>Distribution stage</b><br />
The producer's policy should be to correct the development errors, such as the malfunctions that are found after the realization of the advancement procedure. This should be 100 % free during the specified examining time. In the same way, if one forgets to carry out a task based on the Customers Specifications Declaration, they should happily do so for free as soon as possible. However, there is some period in which the client should analyze the program. After that duration, any perform that needs to be done, such as pining out errors, should be charged independently.<br />
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After the program has been applied, the client's associate and the designer analyze it and make sure that all the features listed in Customers Specifications Declaration work as described. Thereafter, client's advisers and the organization's advisers sign on the Customers Specifications Declaration, showing that the stated tasks have been completed. Customer orientation is a very important aspect of the overall database integration procedure. Customers who have not been trained are less effective and less pleased with the program. Very little or no orientation may lead to a change in attitude by the user of the new program. At least some of the individuals operating for the client should become fully familiar with the new program. Preparations should be made so that these individuals can provide solutions to the customers’ questions.<br />
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<b>Customer’s declaration</b><br />
Customer Specifications Declaration identifies that which will be conducted, achievement work deadlines, price framework, and extra terms. Every aspect of customers’ specifications declaration explains the program or the growth procedure from a different position and every aspect of it, such as input/output model, is written information of either certain aspects of the program or the growth procedure. For the best possible results, the venture growth levels and steps can and should be customized using the designs' characteristics (Cohen & Manion, 2004). In the same way, customers’ specifications statement's parts can be customized, so that it uses the designs' characteristics.<br />
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This approach improves performance by helping to confirm that all the necessary components have been designed and that all that was designed is in the venture. It also helps to reduce the prospect of uncertainty or arguments between the designer and client about the program after it has been built (Somekh, 2005). After examining and utilizing the program, users may find capabilities that should be included to the program, as well as variations that should be made. Minimal variations can often be managed without price overruns. If the variations are minor and extra value is appropriate, any capabilities and variations can be included to the application's current edition. Otherwise, any of the above can be included to the application's next edition. That is, programs can and often should be, designed in editions so that each one of them is fully useful and develops on the past perform. In such a case, each edition should have its own customer specifications declaration.<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4328439966437515157.post-40950090533683328662013-01-24T11:58:00.004-08:002014-10-28T05:59:47.244-07:00Free Literature Review Sample<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Literature Review: Connective Tissue Repair</h1>
<b>Abstract</b><br />
The paper proceeds as a literature based review on repair mechanisms in connective tissue. Factors influencing tissue repair mechanisms are estimated. The current paper broadly examines published data on factors that affect aspects of connective tissue repair. The review covers wound healing and tendon healing in particular<br />
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<b>Introduction</b><br />
The issue connective tissue repair stands nowadays rather acute, as along with development of medicine it becomes vivid, how many issues remain unresolved. Keeping in mind that a human body is a complicated and sophisticated mechanism where nothing remains without due attention, it is necessary to appraise the impact of various factors ranging from local (e.g. wound infection) to behavioral (depression) on the healing process. Literature on the subject is not abundant, however, there is enough publications on virtually any sphere of the issue. The current paper proceeds as a literature based review of publications that deal with connective tissue repair issue. Five publications are appraised in the paper and their analysis is provided.</div>
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<b>Surgical physiology of wound healing: a review</b></div>
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An article by Deodhar A.K. and Rana R.E. published in Postgraduate Medicine Journal “Surgical physiology of wound healing: a review” is a general review on the subject. However, it provides a reader with strong understanding of the process of healing and its importance in surgical practice. In brief and to the point the importance of the issue is explained: “any breach in continuity of skin or mucous membrane exposes the deeper tissues to the danger of infections… today wound healing abnormalities are among the greatest causes of disability and deformity”. At first, the article proceeds with a description of the healing stages, which are: vascular and inflammatory response, reepithelization, granulation tissue formation, and matrix and collagen remodeling. This part features brief explanation of the processes, indicating their importance. At the same time, the role of each cell-type and description of possible deviations from the normal process is explicated.</div>
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The description of various factors affecting wound healing takes up a considerable part of the article. Authors have classified the factors into two categories: local and systemic factors affecting wound healing. First among local factors is infection. It is the most common cause among local ones for prolonged healing. Clinical infection takes place when a critical amount of pathogenic bacteria is present. Pathogenic organisms prolong healing as they activate alternate pathway and reinforce inflammation, thus prolonging inflammatory phase of the repair process, which in certain cases may last up to one week. Bacteria also produce toxins, which are sometimes damaging to cells. Finally, microorganisms need nutrients and oxygen, thus drawing some of the latter away from body cells. Extraneous bodies also contribute to the possibility of infection. All these effects could be avoided or minimized by using proper surgical techniques. </div>
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Among other important local factors affecting wound healing are surgical technique, hematoma formation, foreign body reaction, tissue ischemia, and topical medications and dressings. The use of improper surgical technique, aside from infection risk, may also result in devitalization of tissue if skin edges are crushed. </div>
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Among systemic risk factors the authors mention various deficiency states, aging factor, disease states, and influence of medication. Abnormalities in carbohydrate and fat metabolism decelerate wound healing. Deficiency of insulin, which acts as a factor for fibroblast growth, may restrain collagen disposition. Deficiency of protein and/or nitrogen sometimes occurs after major traumas and also negatively affects repair process as it increases inclination towards infection. </div>
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There are two vitamins that significantly impact healing process: A, C, and K. Vitamin K deficiency leads to clotting malfunction, which results in hematoma formation and other adverse effects. As ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is an essential factor for collagen biosynthesis, its deficiency may lead to collagen lysis and it being unstable. Slow down in re-epithelization, malfunction of collagen synthesis and increased danger of infection may be caused by lack of vitamin A. Among minerals and trace elements deficiencies the most dangerous is zinc deficiency as it results in impaired immune responses, malfunction of collagen synthesis etc.</div>
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Aging is a very important factor in wound healing. It was observed, that foetal wounds tend to heal faster and without formation of scar tissue. Probably, the fact that collagen is produced in foetal wounds much more rapidly than in adults, could be one of the reasons for high age importance in healing process. However, this statement is controversial and the authors do not take any stance in this issue and just state the facts. </div>
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The article lists over 25 diseases that greatly influence healing processes. Among most important are: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, coagulation disorders, hemophilia, Von Willebrand’s disease, Werner’s syndrome, vascular disorders, atherosclerosis, vasculitis, lymphoedema, chronic renal failure, diabetes, Cushing’s syndrome, immunologic deficiency states, cirrhosis, myelofibrosis and other chronic hematologic disorders associated with thrombocytopenia.</div>
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Among medicinal causes that cause impaired wound repair authors mention glucocorticoids, glucocorticoids, anticoagulants, antineoplastic medication, cyclosporin A, and many others. Unfortunately, authors do not discuss the ways medication and disease states influence the healing process and do not provide any supportive evidence while just stating facts. They claim, that only effects of anticoagulants and glucocorticosteroids are sufficiently explored. These drugs decrease inflammation and simultaneously decrease collagen and protein synthesis, interfere with most body defence mechanisms.</div>
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The “Surgical physiology of wound healing: a review” article completely justifies its title, as it is a review and does not provide much details on the matter. It is impossible to argue with the authors, as they do not provide any backing to their statements. However, the value of the article should not be underestimated, as it gives a clear understanding of all the basic healing processes and provides a reader with a starting point for further research.<br />
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<b>Physiologic, Behavioral Factors Affect Wound Healing</b></div>
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The editorial by John H. Bowker “Physiologic, Behavioral Factors Affect Wound Healing” is significant as it discusses physiological problems along with behavioral component of wound healing processes. Generally, the reason for the author to undertake the research is purely practical. Also, an attempt to evaluate the literature on the matter is undertaken. In the very introduction the author makes a discovery, that literature reports on wound healing methods and systems control or at least consider only one or two influencing factors.</div>
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As the article proceeds, the author asks a series of questions, which at the same time serve as subheadings: “Is tissue oxygen perfusion adequate?”, “Is nutritional status normal?”, “Is there evidence of persistent bacterial infection versus mere colonization?”, “Is locomotor function impaired?”, “Have vasoconstrictors been prohibited? Is the patient abstaining from nicotine and caffeine?” etc. </div>
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To answer the question of oxygen perfusion in tissues being adequate, which surely affects healing process greatly, Bowker provides rather detailed description of procedures to be carried out in order to answer the question. It is argued, that poor oxygen perfusion in tissues against a background of anemia and diabetic nephropathy may be treatable. The argument is indeed dependable, as it is stated practicing expert. Bowker, along with Deodhar and Rana mention malnutrition as an important factor influencing healing. Bowker emphasizes that in his practice the greatest evidence of malnutrition was deficiency of serum albumin. The problem is rather easily solvable with high-caloric feeding, as the author suggests. </div>
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With the passage of time protective sensation may gradually decrease causing serious problems with healing. The decrease is in some cases so gradual, that the patient might be unaware of it, thus, it is suggested to use Semmes-Weinstein for sensation estimation.</div>
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Persistent bacterial infection might be caused by cellulites and osteomyelitis. This diseases result in warm wounds producing purulent exudate. This factor definitely slows the healing process down and might be dealt with using antibiotics. </div>
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It is often assumed, that behavioral factor is completely in patient’s competence. Yet, Bowker lays responsibility on caregivers too. First, weight-relief devices need to be appropriately chosen and then fitted. This is, indeed, the caregiver’s duty. The problem arises also when examination of the wound was not through enough to ensure that the bone was not penetrated (in this case surgical intervention is strongly recommended).</div>
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Another important question the author raises is whether the patient properly uses the plantar weight-relief devices. A study shows, that an opportunity to relief weight results in patients abusing this option. The patient might proceed to undertaking all the usual activities not taking his wound into account. This is a serious problem, as it may lead to additional ulceration and eventually to amputation. The author discusses various means of dealing with this problem including the use of various devices that would limit misuse and proper patient education. </div>
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As for the weight-relief shoes, it is emphasized that their use should not exclude following other wound-care procedures on the part of the patient as well as physician. </div>
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A more common behavioral issue in wound healing is smoking. Substances like coffee and vasoconstrictors result in the same: constriction of blood vessels with the latter being, probably, less harmful. Uncontrolled habits can greatly influence the process of recovery. Pernicious habits are also very hard to overcome, which may result in considerable problems in the course of treatment. Indeed, taking vasoconstrictors is not a habit, yet this factor could be overlooked in the course of treatment and these drugs not prohibited. It is the responsibility of the physician to control this factor. </div>
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It is very important to keep patients informed and educated on importance glucose control programs. The program cannot be comprehensive without patient being well informed. </div>
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Among other reasons for inadequate patient’s compliance are depression, denial, etc. the research have shown that noncompliance is related rather to the above mentioned factors than intelligence. Significant results in dealing with the problem can be achieved if proper education is introduced to the patient. However, patients with psychological abnormalities or personality disorders may experience significant problems overcoming denial.</div>
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To conclude, the author refers to teamwork as one of the most important factors in wound healing, as well as any other highly complicated activity.</div>
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To emphasize on the point stated above, the article is practical and gives valuable information on factors affecting wound healing. It is highly dependable, as the author is a practicing expert and is a well-known specialist in his sphere.<br />
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<b>Nutritional factors affecting wound healing</b></div>
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Nutritional factors have already being mentioned in works by Deodhar and Bowker, while Thomas in “Nutritional factors affecting wound healing” addresses the problem directly. The controversy around this subject arises from inability of nutritional improvements to reduce complications or actually improve healing, while the negative effects of malnutrition have already been proved. <br />
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The first problem in the scope is diagnosing malnutrition. Patients need not only abundance of nutrients: they need to be appropriately balanced in each specific case. Even if the diet is appropriate it would not necessarily lead to improvements in healing process, as the overall health condition of the patient might be poor. </div>
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Treatment needs integrated approach and the role and weight of nutrition in it has not yet been proved. The vast majority of nutrition-related studies are animal-based, which results in deviations of results. Even in clinical settings, various approaches to nutrition such as parenteral nutrient delivery may result in treatment outcome being very hard to estimate. The importance of specific nutrients as vitamins, minerals and trace elements such as zinc, amino acids etc. have been appraised, however, their importance in each individual case varies greatly making it hard to set the individual nutrient supplementation up. However, despite the fact that all the abovementioned issues have not yet being resolved, any patient requires a well-balanced therapeutic diet. </div>
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The article proceeds as a discussion of up-to-date knowledge in the sphere of nutrition and sheds light on the scope of problems in the field. The use of examples by the author improves information perception and understanding of the issue.<br />
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<b>Factors affecting the strength of flexor tendon repair</b><br />
The research by Bhatia and others is different from the least of the articles in the current review, as it reports on the research on cadaveric tissue. The objective of the research was to determine the effect of core sutures on flexor tendon repairing. In the course of experiments different types and configurations of core sutures was explored. Some attention was also given to variable thickness of sutures. Various tests including straight and cyclic load were utilized. The researchers used four locked single knots as the most appropriate to their opinion. The publication is characterized by presentation of the research results and absence of broad generalizations. However, the results it yields are deeply practical as they allow for surgeons to choose their technique basing on dependable evidence. The research is important as it sheds light on some aspects of strength of 4/0 suture material.<br />
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<b>Is Full Weightbearing Safe Following Achilles Tendon Repair?</b><br />
The most recent study (2001) in the current review is by Akizyki and others titled “Is full Weightbearing Safe Following Achilles Tendon Repair?” It is believed that immediate weight bearing and neutral plantar flexion following immediately after repair may limit atrophy and stiffness.<br />
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However, it may also place some harmful stress on the repair. The study seeks resolves the problem and estimate the strain on the Achilles tendon during weight bearing in different degrees of plantar flexion and with immobilization. In the course of the study, the EMG from plantar flexors of 10 participants without any ankle deviations was recorded. Then, different walking conditions such as immobilized foot walking with neutral or some degree of flexion freedom was applied. It is unnecessary to list all the procedures in the current review. However, it is worth mentioning, that a wide scope of different preconditions was appraised and sophisticated methods of EMG results calculation were used. the result of the study is as follows: “In the immobilized ankle, the addition of a 1" heel lift was sufficient to minimize plantarflexor activity during walking”. The study is significant indeed, as it provides practical guidelines for physicians in applying weight bearing treatment method and proves it to be safe in certain limits. It is valuable that these limits are specifically determined. </div>
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<b>Conclusion</b><br />
The research shows, that there is enough publications and researches behind them on the subject of connective tissue repair and their scope is impressive. a conclusion could be drawn, that this field of study is growing rapidly now, as new technology and advancements in medicine allow for researches to seek new aspects of the issue and ways of dealing with them.<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4328439966437515157.post-74152303237450203302013-01-10T08:58:00.001-08:002013-01-10T08:58:44.375-08:00Essay on School-based Clinics<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Introduction</b><br />
This paper will evaluate the advantages and traits of three different school-based clinics information on which was retrieved in the process of a web search. These clinics, based on the information available online have features that can form the basis for a successful school-based medical establishment. <br />
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<b>St. Barnabas School-Based Clinic </b><br />
One example is the St. Barnabas school-based clinic that aims at servicing those teenagers who are underprivileged in access to quality health care due to lack of insurance and under-insurance. This focus on serving less privileged classes seems one of the noble goals for a school-based clinic.<br />
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St. Barnabas School-Based Clinic concentrates on preventing risky behaviors that cause drug and alcohol abuse and lead to sexually transmitted diseases and undesired pregnancies. To curb risky behaviors, the clinic presents an «an ideal focal point for integrating comprehensive health education with the provision of basic primary and preventive health and mental health services» (St. Barnabas School-Based Clinic).<br />
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The experience of the clinic indicates that its efforts were able to contribute to the improvement in adolescents’ health state in the area. <br />
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One of the clinic’s advantages is its concern with offering advanced health care, as the clinic adds new services every year. Now is service range includes «a full range of primary care, dental screening and counseling services» , supplemented with WIC counselors for pregnant students and a program on education and treatment of Chlamydia. <br />
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In 1998 alone, the clinic was able to attract 1,000 new enrollees.<br />
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<b>The School-Based Clinic Program: Duke University Medical Center</b><br />
The School-Based Clinic Program at Duke University Medical Center offers a wide range of services at several schools ranging from elementary to high school level.<br />
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The clinic operated by the program boast the determination to serve the needs of every student regardless of the ability to pay. Thus, students are offered assistance in filing insurance claims. In case the student is not covered by insurance, the student is then charged a modest fee based on the ability to pay. <br />
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This clinic is able to take conventional school service to a new level as it functions in partnership with Duke University Hospital, Durham Regional Hospital, Durham Public Schools and Center for Child and Family Health. <br />
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<b>Denny Wellness Center</b> <br />
Denny Wellness Center that has been offering health care services in Seattle schools since 1992, operates in five schools of the middle and high school level. The Puget Sound Neighborhood Health Centers (PSNHC) that serves as parent for Denny Wellness Center has been functioning in the Seattle community for over 30 years. Thus, the ability to draw on the well-established culture is one of the distinct benefits of the clinic.<br />
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The positive feature of the clinic is the close cooperation between the staff of the clinic and the school nurse, the school guidance counselors and other school staff. <br />
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Features of the listed school-based clinics to be incorporated in the creation of a new clinic<br />
In my view, partnership with other healthy care institutions is of great importance for a school-based clinic. At the stage of the clinic formation, it is of special importance to be able to find the establishments that will be able to help the clinic to keep abreast of the latest developments in medical science as it happened at Duke University Health Center.<br />
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Besides, the school needs to constantly monitor the effects of the school program so as to be able to measure the effectiveness of the clinic’s efforts directed at the preservation and improvement of the youth’s health. Thus, St. Barnabas School-Based Clinic was able to report positive results in this area.<br />
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The school-based clinic has to function in close cooperation with the other school staff, which would enable it to work out effective solutions to improving the youth’s health.</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4328439966437515157.post-38394058613179869882012-12-27T08:14:00.002-08:002012-12-27T08:14:40.331-08:00Diabetes Essay<div style="text-align: justify;">
Prior to speaking about the actual pilot program regarding the Type II Diabetes, one needs to make the state official (governor) understand what <b>diabetes</b> is about and what danger it presents to other people in the community. Only after the governor and sponsors understand what diabetes type II is about they would be able to contribute their resources and ideas to supporting our pilot program to prevent type II diabetes. We have to realize that if we want to educate parents and children about type II diabetes we need to be able to express ourselves succinctly yet properly for our grant-providers to understand our important mission.</div>
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Diabetes (also known as diabetes mellitus) is a serious medical disorder, which is seen in altering hyperglycemia, or in simple words, the blood sugar in patients. There are four types of diabetes, yet they all present serious danger to the human organism regardless of their degree. As the type increases diabetes becomes more serious and presents more harm to the human organism. Increased sugar levels in the human organism typically contributes to dehydration and ketoacidosis in the short run. In the long-run diabetes doubles the potential risks of cardiovascular disease and dialysis let alone renal failures. Diabetes also contributes to blindness because of retinal damage and nerve damage. At some point of time, diabetes can contribute to gangrene, which typically results in amputation of feet, toes or legs.<br />
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Diabetes type II is more serious than diabetes type I, yet the patient still has certain amounts of insulin produced in the body. Still one has to be aware that decreased sensitivity of body tissues to insulin which requires insulin injections or oral medication. The greatest problem with Diabetes Type II is that unless cured it would likely turn to type III or IV diabetes which would pose even greater danger to people and the community.<br />
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The pilot program we plan to create in our community would target parents and children and would serve as a wonderful tool to inform the community about diabetes and the ways to prevent or fight it. <br />
Our program will inform the community that in order to be free of diabetes one has to constantly check and maintain blood sugar within acceptable ‘normal’ limits. As noted earlier diabetes is all about blood sugar, so by manipulating intakes of sugar and other constituent parts of what contribute to diabetes one is able to easily stay healthy and avoid complications and serious damages to health caused by diabetes. <br />
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Besides explaining what diabetes is about, our pilot program will speak about other things that make diabetes possible. The community members would be informed of the following:<br />
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<li>Need to quit smoking.</li>
<li>Need to control cholesterol levels (Becker, 45)</li>
<li>Need to exercise and thus maintain optimal body weight.</li>
<li>Need to check and control blood pressure.</li>
<li>Need for healthy food and regular exercise</li>
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The community members should be informed through out pilot program that currently in the world there are more than 160 million people suffering from diabetes, with type II diabetes being the most popular in developed nations. In the USA alone in 2002 there were about 19 million people suffering from different types of diabetes (Shafer 211). Such statement should serve the following two purposes:<br />
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Make the community members understand that type II diabetes is very common and present in every community, thus requiring attention and immediate action.<br />
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Make the community members-users of our pilot program understand that they are not alone with their diabetes and that there are people who can help and support them.<br />
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The other stage that our pilot project is to cover is to explain to the target audience that Type 2 diabetes can initially be treated with proper diet and weight loss. Together these two approaches will restore and improve insulin sensitivity in patients and return them to somewhat normal life. The audience needs to understand that one requires a modest loss of weight with result usually taking place after losing about 15-20 pounds. The community would then be informed that the next step to get rid of diabetes is to take certain oral antidiabetic medicine like suplhonylureas, metformmin, or thiazolidinediones. Typically together with healthy life style and reduced body weight, these drugs help most patients to return to the normal healthy state. Should they fail, the patients should be informed of other treatments ways like insulin therapy.<br />
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Our pilot project will inform the community that diabetes is a chronic disease and has no permanent cure. In other words, the patients who have diabetes need to understand that they will have to lead a healthy life style throughout their lives if they want to avoid complications created by diabetes. Healthy living is possible when having type II diabetes yet once again the participants of our pilot project will be advised not to consider it a triumph over a disorder but rather a temporary victory that needs to be maintained (Drum, 190). <br />
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The pilot project thus will attempt not only to educate the community members of type II diabetes but will also attempt to teach them proper lifestyle modifications that would be seen in the following:<br />
<ul>
<li>Constant control of one’s body weight.</li>
<li>Exercise and diet.</li>
<li>Use of oral medication.</li>
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Combat problems associated with hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Failure to learn about these problems as well as the use of proper oral medication can usually worsen the patient’s condition<br />
The pilot project will inform the community that those with type II diabetes who fail to properly alter their life style to combat diabetes will ultimately have to turn to insulin therapy.<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4328439966437515157.post-51072577545788773932012-12-07T07:29:00.003-08:002012-12-07T07:29:37.830-08:00Internal War Essay<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Essay on Internal War</h1>
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All young people traditionally live with their parents till the time they can afford to pay for their own apartment. It is not just the matter of financial independence, but also the one of the maturity, taking the responsibility, independence and freedom, including liberty of choice.</div>
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About a year ago I started to feel uncomfortable living with parents. Even though after graduation I was not earning enough to afford to rent a room or an apartment, I still wanted to live my own life and do what I want.</div>
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It was really difficult to do what I wanted with my parents. They were against my midnight comebacks and dating. My father though that I was trying to achieve something in life, that I had no aim and my life was totally and completely constituted of parties. Actually they were right, but I enjoyed that kind of life. I was working when I ought to, went to the gym to take care of my heath and spent much time with my friends. Of course, I understood that it was not right to party so much, but I was not very much happy with my occupation, and, as I understand now, was just trying to relieve my life in some way. And of course, I wanted to find the occupation that would bring me happiness and satisfaction, but it was impossible in the circumstances I lived in.</div>
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My parents had a great influence on me. If they were not satisfies with my actions, I felt very guilty, even I could consider my behavior right. My father is a lawyer and my mother is a housewife. Whatever I said or whatever I did, I usually heard that I am worth nothing and that I would never achieve anything in my life with such a lifestyle. I was not that stupid to understand that endless parties do not lead to health and wealth, if you are not the owner of the night club, but it was very painful to hear such things from people, from whom I wanted just love and support. My parents used to buy me very expensive clothes, shoes and everything; I had a car, even though not a Mercedes, but still a car. They though that the only thing I am interested in is their money and I was addicted to luxury stuff. Yes, at first I was, but I very lucky to understand that earning money should not be the goal in my life, I have always wanted to find my way, the way where I could be happy. And I was not.<br />
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The first thing that I have done- I quit my job. It was really hard, as my boss’s reaction overwhelmed all my worst expectations. He just said that I can leave and that he was not satisfied with my work anyway. It was surprising, taking into consideration several successful projects I accomplished recently. If he was not satisfied, why he had never told me about that? One of the reasons for my quit was my bosses obsession with power- he wanted everything to be done when he wanted and how he wanted even when it was Friday 9 PM. I first I loved my job, but after some time I started to notice that I was becoming a slave, and not an expert. I was not paid for working overtime and started to feel that all my efforts were not appreciated. So, I quit.<br />
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Then I started to look for a freelance position, as wanted to be more flexible in my schedule and to pay more attention to studying other languages and improving my working skills. I started to attend school of photography, as I have always dreamt about having a more creative occupation, where I could apply my vision and imagination.<br />
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My parents were not satisfied again, they considered that I was just wasting my money for such “stupid” school and spending the whole time at home, showing the bad example to my younger sisters. But I was actually working, and working hard. My father though that if I was at home, I should do the cleaning of the house as well. When I had time, I did, but sometimes I was working for about 16 hours per day, but it was not an excuse. My father wanted that I had a “real” job, it could be not well-paid, but he wanted me spend the whole day in the office, and not at home. I actually had no objections, but I was not sure that it would bring me happiness. I am just not that kind of person. I wanted to manage my time and my finances the way I wanted, and not the way I was told.<br />
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My parents started to tell me that if I want to leave with then, I need to play their rules or move. I made a shy attempt to move to the apartment to share with other two roommates, but my mother tearfully asked me stay and that they would change their attitudes. During the first month they did, but then again they started to ask about my future plans and when I will move. I still could not afford an apartment in my city, as the prices were really astonishing and therefore I just continued to exist from beating till beating.<br />
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I was looking for the way out, but was very afraid to live alone and take the responsibility, and was very afraid to disappoint my parents.<br />
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The real war began when I said to them that I am moving to another city. First, they have not taken my words seriously, and I was still not sure about this kind of decision. The thing that I knew, that in the other smaller city I could afford to live independently, but without a comfort I was used to so much. But the advantage was my freelance job, that I could do even form Mars, if there was Internet connection. When the time of moving was coming closer it was harder and harder to make the final decision. I didn’t sleep at night, I was nervous all the time, and my parents still didn’t believe that I will do that. My father lectured me about my irrational decision and that I can do whatever I want, but he is not approving that. My mother told me that I should stay at least in the city and that they will help me with money at first. I almost surrendered. I was devastated with all that endless talks, but then I just bought the ticket and packed. I was crying at the railway station, but I was sure that my decision was the best I did for all my life.<br />
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When I arrived to another city I have found an apartment with the great view. For the first month I was very devastated with the internal struggle, as I still talked with my parents on the phone and it was really heard, as they always asked when I will come back. But they were no longer able to control me and I am sure that I needed that distance to start to think what I want and what I need in my life.<br />
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It was about 6 months ago. Now I am happy. I do the job that I like, and I have plenty of it, as I can even save. I live in the wonderful small city and thinking about starting my own business. Even though I do not have much money, I can start from something really small, but it will be mine. My parents are still asking me to come back home, but I do not pay much attention to this. I know that they do love me very much and I love them as well. I hope that someday they will be proud of me, and if not, I do not care. I have understood that the most important thing in life is internal peace and happiness, and no matter what others think about that. I will live my life the way I want!</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4328439966437515157.post-3872725521178305832012-12-04T02:03:00.002-08:002012-12-04T02:03:37.865-08:00Men and Depression Essay<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Essay on Depression and Men</h1>
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In the last couple of decades <b>depression</b> became a widely discussed topic within public and medics. Such raise in the level of people suffering from depression and depression related illnesses can be explained by many factors. First of all, it is so because the modern world puts one in front of many problems and hardships that were unknown to the previous generations. Today people are continuously under pressure to earn money, the amount that exceeds the sufficient one, working long hours, moreover, the way people build their relationships has also changed, thus it tends to be harder and harder to find a loving and honest partners that leads to dissatisfaction and depression. The second reason for this raise is that “being depressed” and “treating the depression” turned into some kind of fashion.</div>
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One may say that depression is a lot of weak women. However, as I will show in my paper, depression is an illness that affects both men and women. Moreover, it can even be said that men and women are equally affected by this ailment. Though, as men tend to be more self cautious and find it very hard and even mortifying to share their feelings, the medics have much bigger record of women’s depressions. A very interesting thing is that when it comes to depressions men are even more sensitive than women. This is due to the fact that men, since early ages, are entitled to a particular position in the society and family, and failing to fulfill what is required from them at these positions can be intolerable for them (Cochran, Rabinowitz, 2000, 5-6).<br />
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The symptoms of depression within men are the same as the regular depression symptoms, though with some peculiar traces. These symptoms include feeling sad or unhappy, having high levels of anxiety and low energy, having troubles to concentrate, feeling worthless and losing interest in the every day activities and people. The special men-depression symptoms are loss of weight, sex drive, appetite, descend in personal hygiene and thoughts of suicide (Polak, 1998, p. 66).<br />
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Men tend to cope with depression rather different from women. Men may be more willing to admit exhaustion, irritability, loss of interest in work or hobbies, and sleep disturbances rather than feelings of grief, insignificance, and excessive guilt. This way of thinking tends to be rather unhelpful. However, this is the nature of men and it seems inappropriate and humiliating for them to admit that they need professional help and require somebody’s support and assistance to straighten out the life. Those men who manage to overcome this fear may be treated successfully with antidepressant medication, psychotherapy, or a combination of both (Men and Depression, 2005).<br />
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In my opinion, there have to be done many changes in order to assist men that are depressed. It should be popularized that there is nothing embarrassing and humiliating for men in having a depression and treating it. Expectantly, such a change will lower the level of suicide within men and save marriages that may be ruined because of male depression.</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4328439966437515157.post-21823195978702575432012-11-29T08:45:00.003-08:002012-11-29T08:45:32.281-08:00Sakuntala and the Ring of Recollection Essay<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Essay on 'Sakuntala and the Ring of Recollection'</h1>
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The quotation occurs in the first Act of the story, when King Dusyanta met Sakuntala. King Dusyanta was traveling in the forest accompanied with his army. They were pursuing the male deer that was wounded by King’s arrow. Then King Dusyanta saw Sankuntala that was nursing that deer, which occurred to be her pet and he felt in love with her. The piece that I am going to analyze later refers to the opportunity that gifted to Dusyanta to get acquainted with Sakuntala. After they felt in love, they got married in the ashram. Then King Dusyanta had to leave for some time and he gave Sakuntala the ring as the sign of his deep affection and their love and promised to return as soon as he can. </div>
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So, Sakuntala did not notice a young man as nice as Dusyanta. She was very shy to look at him and to talk to him. It was the unusual new feeling for her. Dusyanta, on the other hand, had never seen s girl of such charm, grace and innocence. He was looking at her in the garden doing things such as watering plants and picking flowers. Each her move seemed very attractive to him. He was dreaming about the opportunity to talk to her. </div>
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That chance to get acquainted with her came in a very outstanding way while he was walking in the garden unknown to the three girls that were talking to each other. Sakuntala was gathering jasmines from a bush when a bee decided to literally attack her lovely face. She made attempts to make him fly away, but was not successful. Her friends giggled and teased her and Sakuntala blushed and feigned anger. Dusyanta decided to use this excellent opportunity. </div>
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Later Dusyanta had already enough confidence to talk to Sakuntala about different things. Sakuntala found him interesting and his admiration of her was truly pleasant and flattering. Soon after that they had fallen in love.</div>
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The quotation is very important to the whole story, as it is the beginning of it. It describes the arousal of the feeling of affection between King and Sakuntala. </div>
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In the passage Sakuntala is frightened by the bee. It is very symbolic to my opinion, as bees are generally viewed as good creatures, as they are protectors, they bring honey. I think that it was the allegory that signified love that came to Sakuntala and Dusyanta. And that love was hovering around the beloved trying to make them understand what is happening between them in reality. Sakuntala is very frightened as bee is trying to attack her. Probably she is afraid to show her true feelings, while Dusyanta is confident and tries to calm her down and assure that there is nothing to fear. It can even seem that King envies the bee, as it can “hover softly near to whisper secrets of her ear” and “drink her lips treasure”. King was not willing to open his true identity, though he rescues Sakuntala from dangerous bee and he had to reveal who he is in reality.</div>
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Sakuntala’s personality is revealed in the paragraph as modest and shy, which is very desirable for the young lady quality. It doesn’t mean that she was less interested in love and relationships then her friends were, she just hided that better. Sankutala was trying to show off and be better that she was in reality; it seems that she knew that Dusyanta would have found the opportunity to talk to her, if his feelings to her were true. And the same with the King, he was looking for the sign. And the bee was that sign. This bee symbolizes the opportunity that is always given to those whose hearts are open to true feelings. It was also the sign that their feelings were true. That was the metaphor to depict that nature supports people’s intentions (Sharma et al 306). </div>
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The paragraph is very interesting for analysis, and I would like also to discuss that King says to Sankutala and her friends when saving her from the bee “who dares to molest these innocent young ascetics”. In Hinduism asceticism was said to be the perfect final life stage. As the person went to forest to live, was practicing mediations, was silent in his or her own thoughts and was seeking for liberation from the rebirth cycle. Ascetics accumulated spiritual power and were said sometimes to pose a threat to some gods (Zaehner 40-45). </div>
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Then, he mentions Puru king that rules the world and “punish evildoers”. There is a very interesting story about how Puru became the king. First of all Yayati was the Bharata king in the times long before Mahabharat. He was cursed by his father-in-law and he became old, deprived of sexual passion for the reason that he cheated on his wife. And Yayati was willing to regain everything he lost. He had five sons and once he gathered them all and proposed to swap their youth for his kingdom and wisdom. He wanted back all joys of life that youth affords and was even ready to give his kingdom for that. Four sons refused. First son said that he would be mocked mercilessly for taking his father’s age. Second son said he didn’t want old age to destroy his wisdom and strength. </div>
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Third son refused as he was afraid he would not be able to move freely. The forth son said that he would not stand the shame to be taken care by other people. And the youngest son, Puru, agreed to take his father’s age, as the sign of his filial love. Yayati suddenly became young and went to enjoy joys of life with young beautiful women and Puru became old and started ruling the kingdom. But after some time Yayati realized that the fire of sexual desire could never be quenched and he took back his old age from Puru, and Puru continued to rule Hastinapura (Kulke and Rothermund 50-54). </div>
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This is an allegory that shows the essence of true feelings and that in reality the person who acts in accordance with his feelings always gets the reward. It reflects the values of the period when the story was written, as well as the culture. </div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4328439966437515157.post-87668276785629602682012-11-02T06:16:00.002-07:002012-11-02T06:17:24.648-07:00A Woman of No Importance Essay<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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"A Woman of No Importance" Essay</h1>
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<b>Introduction</b> </div>
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An outspoken criticizer of the Victorian society, Oscar Wilde 1893 <i>A Woman of No Importance</i> may be very well defined as another milestone in the author’s line of social comedies. Aiming directly at some of his contemporaries’ manners and values (most notably family values), A Woman of No Importance does not only mocks and criticizes society, but also makes quite a few points on the nature of people, which explain why those values are wrong. In order to do so, Wilde discusses family roles and the role of family in society, as well as how revelations and outside pressures have little influence of the natural course relationships within families. </div>
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This paper examines the play’s nature as a comedy of manners from three main aspects. First it contrasts Wilde’s model of parenthood to what seems to be his contemporaries’ conventional view. Secondly, it shows how Rachel Arbuthnot demonstrates the enormous price of being loyal to the values of Victorian society. Finally, it discusses Wilde’s use of humor to help conveying his messages. </div>
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<b>Parents and Children </b></div>
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Growing up to a respected father who nevertheless had illegitimate children possibly brought Wilde to consider how the parenthood of infidel parents affect the relationships with their children. Moreover, it is possible to notice from Wilde’s work that throughout time, negative aspects of such relationships may develop and become more intense. That is, time is not necessarily a cure for anger and dismay among children. </div>
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In his 1890 novel The Picture of Dorian Gray, for example, Wilde notes that “Children begin by loving their parents; as they grow older they judge them; sometimes they forgive them1.” Three years later, however, the author sharpens his view on the subject matter, as Lord Illingworth (who may share some biographical similarities with Wilde’s father) teaches a lesson on what the upbringing of ‘a good man’ in Victorian sense causes. Literally, Lord Illingworth claims that puritan upbringing does not only turn children into their parents’ judges, but also to merciless ones: “Children begin by loving their parents. After a time they judge them. Rarely, if ever, do they forgive them.”</div>
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Since Lord Illingworth support and even strengthen an argument previously made by Wilde (as the audience and critics of A Woman of No Importance may have already knew at the time), it might be the case that the author uses Lord Illingworth to state his views on family and parenthood. And judging from the text, these views are quite straightforwardly gloomy as for the results of Victorian education and family relations. Furthermore, the latter are presented by Wilde as a product of the Victorian era’s system of strict social expectations and ‘superior’ moral codes. Therefore, it is important to understand that the author shifts the burden of responsibility to the characters’ behavior from the latter to the codes to which they are expected to confirm. </div>
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<b>Rachel Arbuthnot: The Price of Social Conformity</b> </div>
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In A Woman of No Importance, Oscar Wilde does not concludes his comedy by showing the irrationality of many Victorian values, but also shows how adhering to them may actually be disastrous for individuals. This notion is best conveyed through the character of Rachel Arbuthnot, whose determination to remain a good woman but receives a backlash from society. The sin she committed as a young woman hunts her both internally (most notably in the sense of her self perception) and externally (the prospective social costs of getting exposed). Since she seems dedicated to the social values and even tried to educate her son to follow them, Mrs Arbuthnot will remain an outsider of the society she adheres to. </div>
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It should be noted, however, that Rachel is not naïve as for the true nature of Victorian society. Throughout the play Rachel’s character is balanced by very clear and critical views of society, including such injustices as inequality between the sexes and the shallowness of Victorian aristocracy. Eventually she departs from England in the hope for getting accepted in a more open culture. But despite all these, Mrs Arbuthnot’s submissive and confirmative attitude have led her son Gerald to judge her unfavorably, just as most other characters (with the exception of Hester) see her as simply ‘fallen woman.’ </div>
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<b>The Bitter Comedy</b></div>
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Throughout most of his literary career, Oscar Wilde was known for expressing harsh critics of many aspects of Victorian society. A Woman of No Importance is an example to the author’s unique ability to stressing the ridiculous sides of society along with the evils of its norms. Besides clear examples such as the silly-to-mean behavior of Mrs Allonby and Lady Caroline, Lord Illingworth’s witty and razor-sharp lines allow Wilde to ‘sweeten the pill’ of his critique. As a result of this choice, A Woman of No Importance requires quite a degree of cognitive dissonance to balance between Lord Illingworth’s manners and the content of his lines3. </div>
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<b>Conclusion</b> </div>
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Although it prescribes some remedies to the illnesses of Victorian society, A Woman of No Importance is first and foremost a comedy of manners with clear targets and outspoken agenda. Wilde attacks both the values of Victorian society and the people who lead them, namely his contemporary aristocracy. The plot focuses on these values’ influence on the individual and the family, but also offers a view from the side and leaves some room for optimism in regard to the future of late 19th century Britons. As we know today, only a radical shift out of the hypocrisy of the Victorian moral code allowed to create a just and more rational society. </div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4328439966437515157.post-3708978857154506532012-10-12T03:43:00.001-07:002012-10-12T03:43:27.121-07:00Behavioral and Personality Typing Essay<h1 style="text-align: center;">
Essay on Behavioral and Personality Typing</h1>
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<b>Behavioral and Personality Typing</b> has raised its importance with increasing concern over motivation in management (Ebster 2006). After understanding the definitions of behavior and personality, different tests are being made in order to categorize personality into types. The most popular are projective tests and self-report personality tests. Both are based on different factors, the most common of which are the so-called “Big Five personality factors” and the outcomes of the tests result come to different personality types (Bernardin 2007, 146).</div>
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There is a direct link between behavior and personality: in fact, behavior is an exhibit of personality as it is the reactions of an individual in relation to the factors of the self and the environment (Ellis-Christensen 2010). Personality can be defined intraindividual organization of a person based on experience, behavior and traits (Asendorpf 2002). Hence, personality is an individual’s consistent pattern of behavior. </div>
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The better understanding of personality leads to a better understanding of behavior and, in the end, performance. Performance is based not only on skills and knowledge, but also on motivation. There are countless cases in class and in work, where a fully-qualified individual shows poor performance. The reason for that, very often, is the lack of motivation, which is based on personality (Irwin 1961). In order to understand personality better, it has to be classified into types.</div>
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One of the most famous classifications of personality is based on the “Big Five” personality factors: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism. Based on that there could be the following examples of personality types, for example, openness – artistic in contrast to cautious (Gosling 2003).</div>
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The types of personality are identified through tests; there are two types of tests – projective tests and self-report personality inventories. The first refer to tests, where the purpose and the procedure of the test are hidden from the test-taker. An example for such a test is the Miner Sentence Completion Scale, where the test-takers are asked to complete 40 sentences like “Playing golf…”. It is commonly used to measure how applicants deal with authority, perform day-to-day tasks or manage others (Brief 1977). Self-report personality inventories measure personality and or motivation with the respondent being aware of the procedure, purpose and criteria of the test and are much more popular. They are used in many organizations to identify the types of personality of individuals and predict their job effectiveness. One such example is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, where respondents are asked to fill out a test, which via trained professionals is used to identify the personality structure and psychopathology. The results do not show how “well” or how “bad” the respondents have done on the test, but rather the proper analysis shows relative elevation of factors compared to the various groups that have been studied Butcher 2010).</div>
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Whether through projective tests or self-report personality inventories, the understanding and identifying of personality types leads to a better understanding and prediction of motivation and performance, which can be a great aid to any organization.</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4328439966437515157.post-10972258335779683832012-09-27T07:14:00.000-07:002012-09-27T07:14:22.125-07:00Work Environment Essay<h1 style="text-align: center;">
Work Environment Essay</h1>
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<b>1. Introduction</b> </div>
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The span of responsibilities, assignments and fields of specialization within the Naval command is naturally the widest and most diverse in the corps. Even rather narrow tasks often depend on the proper and synchronized performance of different people, teams and technologies. This requires breathtaking efforts of coordination, documentation and feedback, which may be significantly compromised when the workforce lacks sufficient infrastructure and/or clear work processes. The victims in such cases are not only the tasks themselves but also the workforce, whose inferior performance directly affect personal and team morale. </div>
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A recent study carried out by navy officials (Dellinger, 2008) shows great concern regarding possible influences of poor documentation of processes on a variety of performance indicators, including workforce morale, ineffectiveness and organizational inefficiency. Moreover, the author poor documentation and metrics also cause more problems and call for crisis management, thereby putting more mental pressure on the workforce. The human price for such pressures can vary from fatigue to depression and intention to leave, with dramatic effects on short- and long-term performance. </div>
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<b>2. Poor Process Documentation as a Cause for Low Morale and Performance</b> </div>
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Morale stems from an array of personal and organizational factors. It is therefore obvious that depletion of morale (and solution to the problem) cannot be traced down to a single phenomenon or change. That being said, Dellinger’s (2008) findings may indicate a key cause for low workforce morale, especially when considering the fact that organizations such as Naval command function in a manner that stand somewhere between armed forces traditions (which have perfected the art of esprit de corps) and a civil workforce. Hence, a sound analysis of the problem must consider both aspects of the organization and its workforce.</div>
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Morale and related positive aspect of job performance such as stability, productivity and achievement “depend on the fit between one’s personality and one’s work environment” (2003, p. 132). Whereas the former criterion might indeed be managed to a great extent by more adequate staffing, it seems that the latter, i.e. the means by which work environment affects morale and performance, should receive greater attention from commanders as improvements in the workings of the units have a greater effect than trying to adjust people to a poorly managed process.</div>
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An atmosphere of uncertainty and rapid changes (e.g. an immediate need to reprioritize tasks) are a natural and unavoidable component of any military environment. It seems, however, that the Naval command does not do enough to create a clearer and smoother work environment. Lepore (2010), for example, finds that the Naval command has inferior process management protocols (compared to the Army and the Air Force), which are often vague and lead to poor allocation of tasks and responsibilities. </div>
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<i>His findings include, among others: </i></div>
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<li style="text-align: justify;">Strategic plans do not elaborate on who is responsible for some actions and how these are to be carried out;</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Guidance documents are not synchronized and even contradict each other in some cases; and</li>
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Simply put, it is not unlikely that a considerable number of tasks are performed without being subject to a coherent set of instructions. This implies that the people who perform such tasks (as well as people whose work depend on the performance of these tasks by others) work in a confusing atmosphere and do not have the means to evaluate their performance. It might be that such tasks are performed in a reasonable manner even without proper documentation of work processes, but the lack of the latter opens a wide window for personal interpretation and fragility when one or more components of work environment (such as supervisors and priorities) change. A further decline in morale is very likely to occur due to the fact that processes that are very difficult to manage also tend to fail more often, thereby causing a decline in people’s perception of the purpose and quality of their own work (Boyd, 2004). </div>
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It is important to emphasize at this point that the flaws discussed here may have a tremendous effect to the proper functioning of the organization has a whole. Notwithstanding the importance of these effects, this report focuses on the specific dimension of morale and therefore does not cover the whole array of possible implications associated with poor process documentation in the Naval command. Thus, the recommendations provided below remain in the narrow context of improving workforce morale to enhance organizational performance. </div>
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<b>3. Suggestions for Improvement</b> </div>
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There is a great sense in the claim that although the U.S. Naval command can greatly benefit from more comprehensive structuring of tasks and processes, it must also make sure that such actions will not lead to rigidity. A certain degree of ambiguity in the command’s processes is indeed necessary, but possible negative effects on workforce morale can and should be prevented. The relevant literature suggests more than a few ways to deal with this situation. These ways can be broadly classified into two main categories:</div>
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First and foremost, the Naval command should reengineer quite a few of its decision-making and process management documentation. This must be done rigorously and decisively, but in a manner that will not create a sense of mistrust and unwillingness to cooperation of behalf of the workforce. In order to do so, the change agents (that are responsible for analyzing the current situation, prescribing solutions and implementing them) should exhibit openness, explain the merits of changes and demonstrate tangible benefits to individual (as opposed to merely organizational) performance, time management and flow of work (Spears, 2007). </div>
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Second and almost as important as the latter, efforts should be made to teach and develop coping strategies for the workforce. As discussed above, the Naval command cannot and should not eliminate quite of few loci of flexible process management and documentation. On the other hand, narratives such as ‘this is simply a part of the job’ are not effective to prevent decline in morale. Garrido and Muñoz (2006) argue that coping strategies should be customized to specific individual and task characteristics and offer strategies such as:</div>
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<li style="text-align: justify;">Focalization: e.g. by directly confronting the problem, with a guided intent to rationalize its causes and inevitability;</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Cognitive efforts: capitalizing on one’s ability to adopt in order to develop individual and/or organizational strategies to handle the problem without emotional costs; and</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Behavioral efforts: using social tools such as humor, organizational folklore and identification with the organization’s causes to bypass possible negative effects of the problem on morale. </li>
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The U.S. Naval command and its workforce suffer from an array of inherit problems, which might affect morale and performance. A comprehensive approach that combines process reengineering and psychological interventions is likely to be the key to solve possible decline in performance. As it managed to sustain esprit de corps in much more challenging eras than today, the Navy can and should carry out the needed effort to bring about such a change. </div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4328439966437515157.post-86921225167131124142012-09-11T14:53:00.000-07:002012-09-11T14:53:00.407-07:00Essay About Pregnancy<h1 style="text-align: center;">
Essay About Pregnancy</h1>
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I was dreaming of being a mother since I was 3 years old. When I was a little girl, child birth was something saint to me and when I grew up that feeling just became more real.
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When I understood that I’m pregnant it was miracle that I was not able to realize at once. Me and my husband were willing to have a child and were anticipating this event. I was not making a test for <b>pregnancy</b> or seeing a doctor, I just realized that someone is already inside of me and I am responsible from now not only for myself, but also for life of this new little creature.
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Then I visited my doctor, he took all necessary analyses and said that I am really pregnant, but his confirmation was just a mere formality.
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During first about three months I had not experienced any drastic changes in my body, but later I started to feel stronger that inside me is a living organism. I hadn’t experienced any changes in my tastes or appetite and was not trying to eat for both of us, as some popular magazines advice. I was just doing and eating what I felt would be good for me and for my future baby.
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Interesting thing that the fact I will give birth to a child didn’t frightened me at all, although other future mums with whom I was communicating were a bit scared before their future event.
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During pregnancy I was working for about 6 months till I realized tat I need to pay more attention to myself. I was reading a lot of literature and birth stories, started to attend yoga for pregnant. I would like to stop on describing my yoga experiences in more details. I was just amazing I have never experienced before. At once it was hard to adapt to physical loadings and specific spiritual direction, but then I started to get pleasure from trainings. My couch told me a lot of things connected not only with my future experiences and how to be prepared to them, how to breathe and what to expect, but also about my emotional state, about my inner feelings and about my expectation on the spiritual level. I thought a lot about not only physical process how I became pregnant, but also about pregnancy like of a divine gift. My couch talked a lot about the importance of the road I am already in too. Of course, I was just listening to him and trying to make my own opinion upon the things he told me, but in many things our views were almost the same. He taught me how to breathe properly - inhale with my stomach and then push an air out with my stomach as well (usually women breathe with their breast), as he said that such breathing technique is very useful for slight massage of my baby girl and all innate organs. We also breathed together according to other techniques, such as short inhalations for about 54 times and holding up breathe till the moment it was possible without extra efforts, and I began to feel myself much better. My perception of myself, my body and my present state became more deliberate. I began to feel myself better and understand that I can control my feelings and my physical state. I could control my pains when beginning immediately to breathe properly.
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I noticed that during pregnancy I became more sensitive. Sometimes I could cry just for any trifle. One day I was walking in the park near our house and breathing fresh air, and it was shining, and it was summer, and I was just caressing my baby and realizing that I am absolutely a happy person, and suddenly I began to cry and those tears were tears of happiness. I realized that I am doing what I have always wanted to, I am with man I have always loved and will love forever and that soon there will be three of us. I was anticipating seeing and holding my baby girl, and had no anxiety towards pain, which is usually connected with process of giving birth and contractions, although I have never experience all that before, but I was sure that everything will be just the best way. I was sure that my midwifes will do everything for me and my baby and actually it happened how I expected.
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Delivery went perfect. When contractions became I was at home cooking for George who was going to return from his job. He actually forbade me to overstrain, but it was easy for me and very pleasant to cook for him, knowing that he will come back tired and will be very much grateful for my taking care of him. I immediately called my midwife and asked what I should do. She asked me to relax and just to call her when I will be in more active labor. Then I called my husband and he said that he will come back home as soon as possible. I had an impression that he became anxious even more than I did. I decided to eat something and to watch TV just to relax and contraction didn’t stopped.
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Then I realized that I was not emotionally ready to all this, I was preparing to this day all nine months and at that moment I panicked for a while. I called my mother and two sisters, and they knew that they couldn’t do anything for me, but they tried to calm me down and provide emotional support. Then George came and we took some necessary things and went to the hospital. Huh! When I think about that day, I just experience it again and became sweaty a bit. It was very important to me that contraction didn’t slow down so that I was able to give a natural birth to my baby girl. In the hospital midwifes checked me and saw that it was already needed 10 cm and I was ready. It is impossible to describe what I felt when I saw my sweet little baby and could clasp her to my breast. She was so beautiful that I began to cry. She cried and I was crying. It was the happiest moment in my life. I counted all her fingers and couldn’t take my eyes of her face.
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What can I say? Each woman has to feel and experience that by herself. To my opinion only then she will realize her real predestination. And as to me, we are thinking about the second child.<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4328439966437515157.post-55565621808194480952012-09-10T14:48:00.000-07:002012-09-10T14:48:00.687-07:00Plagiarism Exercise Essay<h1 style="text-align: center;">
Plagiarism Exercise Essay</h1>
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<b>Excerpt 1 </b></div>
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The student version seems to be good enough though, it is possible to find certain misrepresentation of the original message since the phrase ‘stormy alliances, seems to change the original idea of Steven Greffenius who spoke about turbulent relations but he rather implies the uneasy relations with Israel as the major opponent of Egypt but not the allies of the latter. This is why the student version may be presented as follows:
Egypt was an unpredictable leader of the Arab world. At times it was friendly to its neighbors and at others it seemed to encourage enemy relations. Such a changeable policy of Egypt led to the highly unstable relations of the country with Israel to the extent that it moved the countries to the war in 1967.
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<b>Excerpt 2 </b><br />
The student version basically fully repeats the original message. This is why it is possible to estimate that this is another case of plagiarism which may be defined as paraphrase with incomplete documentation since despite the repetition of the author’s ideas the student did not use quotation marks nor proper documentation. The correct student version should be as follows:
Diane Amble (1996) explains that for Old Order Amish and Mennonite sects not only were worship services a ritual expression of the spirit of Gelassenheit but “they were also a time for practicing unity, a time, when the individual was integrated into and found expression in the collective activities of waiting, silence, listening, and unison singing” (43).<br />
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<b>Excerpt 3 </b><br />
Basically, the student version is correct, though it seems to be possible t be a bit more precise while documenting the original source. To put it more precisely, it seems to be possible to provide more information about the original book. The student excerpt may be presented as follows:
In his book, The Stirring of Soul in the Workplace, Alan Briskin (1996) contends that the factory’s social gatherings have unified people in every kind of relationship from friendships to marriages (222).<br />
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<b>Excerpt 4 </b><br />
The student version may be also named plagiarism because basically, it repeats the ideas and words of the original message. At the same time, the student obviously fails to acknowledge all quoted materials. This is why the correct student version should be as follows:
In the United States people viewed religion as “an individual’s personal, private relationship to the divine”. It is also true, however, that religion has “public as well as personal or private facets” (Monsma 50).<br />
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<b>Excerpt 5 </b><br />
This student version is correct as it provides ample information about the author and the original version, while, at the same time, the student version represents unique and original message that has only the main idea in common with the original message. This is why it is possible to estimate that this version is correct and does not need to be changed somehow.<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4328439966437515157.post-44908464421464324852012-09-10T03:00:00.000-07:002012-09-10T06:45:53.661-07:00Paraphrasing Exercise Essay<h1 style="text-align: center;">
Paraphrasing Exercise Essay</h1>
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1. Erich Von Daniken (1989) asserts that Leonardo Da Vinci, one of the earliest pioneers of the idea of human ability to fly, has developed models of flying vehicles that are in fact the archetypes of the modern airplanes, however he was forced to keep them secret being afraid of the Inquisition(p. 193).
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2. Today in the rapidly developing world it happened that the habitat of the wildlife is narrowing, being forced out by modern constructions (Florida Wildlife, p.37, 1996).<br />
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3. Being unobvious as it is, the Internet network was originated to be the network of scientific and governmental institutions, as stated by Chris O’Malley, an Internet consultant for Popular Science magazine, who goes further by suggesting that indeed those starting thoughts lead to the further development of the ideas of technological sites, such as for example World Wide Web(54-56).<br />
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4. James Gibson, a book author and a musician, asserts that a lot of musicians find the pleasure in playing for the pure sake of it rather than for the pay, choosing to withdraw from the outer world and lead secluded lives (39).
5. It is rather difficult to approximate the amount of fabric needed to sew a quilt, to avoid making the wrong estimations one can make up a quilt using the various types of fabrics from many sources as suggested by Susan Denton and Barbara Macey (1988), the founders of the National Quiltmaking Guild. (p.4)<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4328439966437515157.post-59814717475279340912012-09-03T15:10:00.000-07:002014-08-06T02:50:01.167-07:00Islam Research Paper<h1 style="text-align: center;">
Islam Research Paper</h1>
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<b>1. Introduction </b></div>
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[<b>Islam</b>] demands loyalty to God, not to thrones. . . . The ultimate spiritual basis of all life, as conceived by Islam is eternal and reveals itself in variety and change. A society based on such a conception of Reality must reconcile, in its life, the categories of permanence and change.
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Allameh Mohammad Iqbal Lahori
In order to understand whether Islam is compatible with modern Arab world, we should understand primarily current situation is the Arab world and know all its aspects. Aspects of modern Arab world include political, cultural, religious, social and economic issues. We should as well be aware of main principles of Islam and only after putting all the ingredients together it will be possible to make any conclusions about the compatibility of the religion and the modern Arab world.
It was historically developed, that each government in world countries needed levers of influence on its people. Religion and its interpretation have also served as a very effective tool.</div>
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What does the definition of “modern Arab world” includes? To my opinion it is primarily the state of the society and the political situation in Arab countries. And in this prospect modern means democratic, and therefore it is necessary to investigate in compatibility of Islam and democracy.
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Democracy is a Western notion. But it is always important to remember that experience of one country cannot always be applied to the others with different historical background, people and religion.
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So, in the paper I would try to explore compatibility of Islam with all aspects of modern Arab world and evaluate its important in all spheres of Arab people lives.
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<b>2. Islam and Social Rights </b><br />
The resurgence of Islam and the desire for democratization in the Muslim world exist in a dynamic global context. Throughout the world, many peoples express similar desires, making religious resurgence and democratization two of the most important themes in contemporary world affairs. The assertion of special communal identities and the demand for increased popular political participation occur in a complex world environment in which technology reinforces global relationships at the same time that local and national and local cultural identities
remain remarkably strong.
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Historians argue a lot about the fact that even though the notion of human rights had been very much developed in western counties, it should not be declared that enforcing of human rights should be announced everywhere. Attempts to lessen the importance of Islam perspectives on the topic of human rights, democracy and social justice aiming to generalize experiences of the West and of the East can cause instability of the political and social life in Arab countries and become a threat to the peace in them. I must say that attempts of Arab county leaders to experiment with democratic orders arouses just respect, but it can appear to be very dangerous not to count countries’ history and experience and just follow proposed standards.
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In is essential to remember while evaluating that Islam a general way of life, and as a religion it is undividable from the all spheres of everyday life. It is a worldview that cannot be easily changed or reformed during short period of time.
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Islamic law contains a lot of codes which govern social relations, foreign affairs and organization. It presumes that what I said to be personal is as well societal, and what is corporate is equally individual.
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<b>3. Islam and Democracy</b><br />
For many in the West, for example, the concept of "Islamic democracy" is anathema. However, this view makes it impossible to understand the appeal and strength of many movements within the Islamic world. Because democracy is in many profound ways an essentially contested concept, it is important to understand the perception of democracy within the movements of the current Islamic resurgence. This understanding is important even for those who view the Islamic resurgence as a threat, because it is important to understand the competing definitions of democracy.
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There have been argued already for many years whether Islam and democracy and coexist, whether Islam can be easily followed in political affairs, support governance that is based upon democracy, support sovereignty and pluralism. It is obvious that there are usually two points of view upon this subject. The first I would like to discuss is tat Islam is not compatible with democratic orders that nowadays are inseparably entered and took important place in modern Arab world. Democracy is one of those concepts which are incapable of accurate definition. There is no consensus on any of the definitions given. Even consulting dictionaries is of no real help, because again what we usually find there are arbitrary or stipulative definitions provided by people committed to certain schools of political theory. Therefore, the meaning of democracy must be sought in something other than a formula.
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Democracy, as a political direction, requires competition, pluralism, openness and tolerance to diversity. On the other hand, Islam, as the religious way of life, presumes intellectual and personal conformity and absolute acceptance of authorities. Elie Kedourie, for example, claims that basic principles of democracy are “profoundly alien to the Muslim political tradition”. It is also important to mention that Islam can be called anti-democratic tradition because it presumes sovereignty in God, who is said to be the only source of political power and only from that kind of divine authority all present regulations to govern the community, should come from. Therefore, some observes insist that Islam is more compatible with the totalitarian state.
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As I have already mentioned, there are two points of view. The second one insists of the fact that the ideas of Islam can be interpreted differently and the opinion depends solely upon the interpretation. Some analysts point out that Islamic traditions have many tendencies and facets, which can be put in one line with democratic issues. They insist that openness and progressive innovation as the direction of development do not contradict to religious traditions and therefore Islam is absolutely compatible to what is said to be democracy in the modern Arab world. And the only important thing is this arguing debated remains the question of the authority and government and how those aspects of the religion and traditions are interpreted by those people.
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Debates upon compatibility of Islam and democracy are very much connected with theology, historical precedent and doctrine. It is important to understand whether Islamic conceptions have the influence upon political preference and values of common people. But I have not found any evidences or structured research papers done upon this topic. But think that in general Islam conceptions should not have drastic influence upon political preferences.
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<b>4. Islam and family traditions </b><br />
…family laws, which regulate rights and responsibilities in marriage, divorce, child custody, and inheritance, do not provide for equality between the sexes because they have been developed within the Islamic framework in all Arab countries. Because the legislation has been developed independently, there is a wide range in interpretation.
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It is obvious that family and family orders and traditions cannot be divided from the perception and analyzing of the modern world and each country’s state in particular. But even here interpretation of the Islamic traditions plays a prominent role.
Different religious authorities demonstrate different views upon the issues of family planning and contraception, they give different advices regarding those items and what is permissible and what is not in Islam. And in accordance with all previously mentioned I have just several questions- what is the motivation for different religious authorities? Are their opinions are independent from the influence of the political authorities? Can their advices be the manipulation in order to achieve some global personal or country goals? I do not have answers for those questions, but I am sure that religion should not be used as the tool to govern; it should just the mean to be closer to God and divine powers for the personal benefit and prosperity of each separate citizen.
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<b>5. Conclusion </b><br />
In the conclusion I would like to summarize that Islam is absolutely compatible with modern Arab world. And that compatibility totally depends upon world views and directions in which political and religious leaders in the country are looking. To my opinion, Arab world is unique world, with interesting history, particular experiences and original people with personal beliefs. It is impossible to compare it to any existent world, European or Asia. Arab people had gone through many trials and they have taken their own necessary lessons from them and they are able to shape their present and future depending on their beliefs and involving principles of the religious tradition they are accustomed to, which is their way of life and the primary frame through which they percept the world and live.
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My personal opinion implies that democracy is a very successful order, but everything is relative and what is successful in one place can bring chaos in the other.
Islam smoothly enters all sphere of modern Arab world and therefore it is just the individual choice whether to consider it compatible or not.<br />
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Actually you can <a href="http://usefulresearchpapers.com/">visit the following site to find a lot of interesting research papers</a> on various religion topics. <br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4328439966437515157.post-57816162036866882442012-09-02T14:58:00.000-07:002012-09-02T14:58:00.431-07:00Research Paper on America<h1 style="text-align: center;">
Rainer Rilling. “American Empire” as Will and Idea. The new major strategy of the Bush Administration</h1>
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Rainer Rilling’s idea of the America’s future is based on the the National Security Strategy of the United States of <b>America</b> published on 17 September 2002. According to this document, Rilling claims, there is a new division of the world and a new perspective for the United States to maintain political and military leadership. He sites the report on “Rebuilding America’s Defense” stating “the 21st century world is – for the moment, at least – decidedly unipolar, with America as the world’s “sole superpower” to emphasize the idea of the U.S. clearly-defined strategy for the world’s dominance. Among the major proponents of this grand strategy there are such notable political personalities include Paul Wolfowitz, Dick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld and many other well-known politicians, famous for their neo-conservative standpoint.<br />
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According to Reiner Rilling, the essence of the strategy is “the maintenance and extension of the disparity between America and the rest of the world and the worldwide enforcement of the model of American dominance”. The strategy is enforced via the means of US Global sovereignty, preventive wars and military superiority, to support this statement Rilling recites George W. Bush (Quoted from Michael Lind: Is America the New Empire? In: The Globalist 19 June 2002) “America has, and intends to keep, military strengths beyond challenge.”). Rilling actually believes the “American Empire” concept is, thus, “in power”. To illustrate this idea, the author quotes Stephen Peter Rose, the Director of the neo-conservative Olin Institute for Strategic Studies at Harvard University, and one of the founding member of the Project for a New American Century: “our goal is not combating a rival, but maintaining our imperial position, and maintaining imperial order”. The American Empire is about to come?
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<b>Is the U.S. an Empire? By Paul Schroeder </b><br />
Professor Paul Schroeder starts the article stating that the idea of “American Empire” already enjoys popularity as a fact both in the United States and abroad there is a widely-diffused opinion that “America already enjoys a world-imperial position and is launched on an imperial course”. But the rest of the article deals with the refutation of this “fact”. The author dethrones the “US Empire” by analyzing the term “empire” and opposing it to the concepts of “unchallenged hegemony” or "unipolar moment". According to Schroeder, the authentication of these terms is “a misleading, unhistorical understanding of empire”. The author is taking a close look at a historical meaning and essence of the word “empire”, and logically proves the United States can hardly be called that at the moment (it is rather a “hegemon” - the first among equals). An imperial power, according to Schroeder, rules over subordinates, and is in the core – “the negation of political freedom, liberation, and self-determination” – the ideas quite opposite to the proclaimed American ideas and values. But Professor Schroeder believes there is great potential for the US to become an empire – taking into consideration the imperialist ambitions and goals of the America’s new strategy. The author, though, warns that choosing the path of empire – instead of pursuing hegemonic stability -will undoubtedly lead to the ruin of the country and the system. There is trustworthy historical evidence of the empires from the past.
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Illusions of Empire: Defining the New American Order By G. John Ikenberry. Foreign Affairs. March/April 2004
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Similar to the article by Paul Schroeder, John Ikenberry starts the debate over whether the US is an empire by defining the term and turning to the countries past. Mentioning the relatively recent National Security Strategy and describing the policy, the author comes to the conclusion that “If empire is defined loosely, as a hierarchical system of political relationships in which the most powerful state exercises decisive influence, then the United States today indeed qualifies.” But Ikenberry’s idea is that even if the United States is an empire, it is “like no other before it”. The principal differences underlie in three respects: the provision of public goods in exchange for the cooperation of other states; the excursion of power through rules and institutions; and provision of "voice opportunities" to the weaker states (informal approach).
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John Ikenberry campares and contrasts the several ideas of the US empire - including Niall Ferguson’s liberal empire(described in the “Collossus”) and Chalmers Johnson’s military empire from “The Sorrows of Empire” - the and their application to the current U.S. position in the world. And finally concludes that of all imperialistic theories, the US is more like Ferguson’s idea. Still, Ikenberry claims, the notion of the empire is “misleading” – it does not fully describe the path and essence of America’s global political order, which was reached by rather liberal and democratic power.
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The Rediscovery of Imperialism By John Bellamy Foster. Monthly Review. November 2002
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The name of the article states a totally new approach to the idea of the American imperialism. If all the previous scholars questioned the idea of the US Empire itself, John Bellamy Foster claims the United States are now facing the return to the concept of imperialism, as it has been always one of the America’s political opportunities. Foster describes the US historical background – addressing the time of the Spanish-American War - as one of the impulses for the formation of the Imperialism concept.
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Foster analyses the core literature on Imperialism, written at the breaking of the XX century – including the works of John A. Hobson, Vladimir Lenin, and a book by Harry Magdoff, written significantly later, in 1969. Foster mentions the rediscovery of the term imperialism took place in the 90th of the XX century, before this - Prabhat Patnaik wrote on November, 1990 an article for Monthly Review entitled “Whatever Happened to Imperialism?”, raising “the question of the almost complete disappearance of the term from left analysis in the United States and Europe”.
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In the XXI century America’s political leaders have rediscovered the term to describe the US world domination and influence.
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John Bellamy Foster analyses the situation in the countries that are believed to have “raced ahead economically” in the last decades. Foster proves there believes are not as persuasive as they seem, thus undermining the belief US imperialism with its liberalization is making the world a better place to live.
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Even though Foster’s view on the concept of the US Empire is different than that of the other scholars he predicts basically the same future for the country “the U.S. imperialism resembles the exploitative empires of the past, and will likely suffer the same fate as past empires – revolt from within and “barbarians” at the gate”.
The Third Stage of American Empire By William Rivers Pitt. truthout March 1, 2005
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William Rivers Pitt’s concept of the American Empire is based on the idea that Empire has survived three stages of formation since the creation of the United States. The first stage included the Mexican-American war and the Civil War – when America formed its economic, military and industrial potential. The second stage lasted much longer and covered the two World Wars and the Cold War. The end of World War II enabled the United States to stretch throughout Europe to the borders of the Soviet Union. The author also claims that the “strongholds of the second stage could be likewise found in Africa, the Japanese mainland and many Pacific islands and, with the creation of the state of Israel, the strategically-vital Middle East”. The Cold War has stimulated the arms race that made the United States the only truly dominant military country of the world with the fall of the Soviet Union in the 1990th.
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The rise of the third wave took place on realizing America’s superpower and was rocketed by the events of September 11th.
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Again, by describing dollar declines, scarce oil supplies, new more powerful players of the world’s political arena, all tend to destabilize the America’s domination. The author predicts that the “third American empire is threatening to collapse under its own ponderous weight”. The Empires fall, always, he claims. For those, who think the American Empire is still about to come, and for those, who believe it is already here, the conclusions are basically the same – and are hardly optimistic.
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<b>Essay #2 </b><br />
The development of the modern world economic system started with the transition of the medieval world from the stage of feudal crisis to the rise of capitalism.
The world system analysis, introduced and developed, among others, by Immanuel Wallerstein, suggested the world regions may be categorized as cores, semi-peripheries, peripheries and external.
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According to Wallerstein, the core territories can be characterized by powerful central governments, vast bureaucracies, and substantial mercenary armies. The local bourgeoisie obtained control over international commerce and extracted capital surplus from this type of trade.
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Most core territories were political and economic centers of the region (e.g. England, France, Spain, etc), but the domination did not guarantee the perpetual prosperity. Many countries (often considered to be the “Empires”) experienced the extensive growth and development, exercised power over the subdominant territories, but then, due to various reasons, declined in development, and became semi-peripheries (e.g. Spain and Portugal).
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The peripheral zones were the territories that, unlike the core countries, lacked strong central governments or were controlled by other states. Coercive labor practices were normal for the peripheries (e.g. Africa, Latin America, Poland, etc.). Most peripheral countries exported raw materials to the core and worked for the benefit of the latter. The unequal trade relations enabled the core countries to expropriate the capital surplus generated by the periphery.
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The nature of relationships between the core and peripheries is, thus, the core’s political, economic and often military dominance over the peripheral zones, with the exploitation, extraction of resources, and surplus transfer from the latter to the former. One of the most common characteristics of the core is the extensive bureaucracy and army, and these are the major means of maintaining dominance over periphery.
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The West-European colonization of Africa, Britain’s influence on the commonwealth territories, and overseas expansionism of the United States to foreign territories at the end of the nineteenth century are all the examples of the core-peripheries relations.
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Centuries ago, core territories used to exempt the peripheral resources and use the labor to enrich the treasury, the main influence on the dependent territories was through military control, trade and profit maximization, religion and technological (industrial) advantages. The modern era has basically kept these instruments of influence, adding other aspects like social and cultural expansion, informational flow, technological superiority, financial bondage, global political alliances and organizations, etc. In addition, multinational corporations that operate on the modern global market provide means of surplus extraction (e.g. via the repatriation of profits) and obstacles to the internal development (e.g. via the provision of large quantities of capital and thus sweeping aside the domestic investors.
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The communication and transportation technologies enable core countries (that are generally a leap ahead in these spheres, as compared to the peripheral zones) to reinforce the impact and the dependence.
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The extensive development of these industries provides rapid exchange of data, resources and overall influence of the technologically advanced countries. The new transportation technologies quickened and improved the production processes and provided new opportunities for the core countries. Prompt and technologically superior transportation and communication technologies give a chance to extend influence over the “new” territories (peripheral zones of other core countries (or ex-“cores”)) and enable the new level of domination – worldwide.
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There is no doubt the United States are the core country – the switch of influence from the British empire to the US in the 20th century (after the two World Wars and the Cold War), that made the United States superior in almost all spheres, especially in military, political and economical aspects.
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The question whether the United States have an “empire” is very complex and quite controversial. Modern scholars do not have any common view upon the issue – the variety of ideas has been caused by the different understanding of the concept of “empire” and distinctions in interpretation of the history of the United States, especially its political and military expansion from the end of the 19th and throughout the 20th century.
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Those, who interpret the American modern “imperial strategy” in terms of military and political domination, address the comparatively recent document – National Security Strategy of the United States of America published (of 17 September 2002).
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This strategy is believed to be created in response to the 9/11 events. The essence of the strategy is the worldwide US military and political dominance, or, put in other words, through the extension of the disparity between America and the rest of the world. To support the idea of the US imperialism in power, one could quote Stephen Peter Rose, the Director of the neo-conservative Olin Institute for Strategic Studies at Harvard University, and one of the founding members of the Project for a New American Century: “our goal is not combating a rival, but maintaining our imperial position, and maintaining imperial order”.
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Some other scholars doubt the United States can lay claim to be the modern “empire”, it is rather an “unchallenged hegemony”. The empire, at least historically, negated the concepts of the political freedom, liberation, and self-determination, which is quite opposite to the concept of “American values” (the defense of human rights and democracy), as the US and the rest of the world see it. The US expansion has always been based (according to its advocates) on belief in free trade and open markets. I certainly agree that if the empire is understood as the most powerful state exercising decisive influence upon the rest of the world, the United Stated states, with their extensive military and political impact, can be labeled as that. But still, it is quite difficult to parallel the United States as they are and the idea of the American Empire. It is, in fact, quite different from the historical empires. United States as a core country shows a rather informal approach: it provides public goods in exchange for the cooperation of other states, exercises power through rules and institutions and provides "voice opportunities" to the weaker states.
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Politicians and those interested in profiting from the US hegemony around the world, might, certainly, proclaim the ambitions of imperial power of the United States, but I doubt that this is what the nation really sees as the essence of their living. Being (or rather becoming) an Empire is a very controversial issue, especially taking into consideration the sad experience of all the empires in the course of the centuries of the world’s history. The fact is, all the empires, either vast or small, have faced the same crisis (under its own weight), which, in the end, destroyed the country and the system itself.
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It is obvious that the hegemonic stability is far more promising and beneficial (in both economic and social aspects) than the imperial usurpation, which shall undoubtedly face serious confrontation. And, knowing, that the humanity might not survive the third world war, does the United States really need to become an Empire?<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4328439966437515157.post-3856063070841896882012-08-27T11:26:00.001-07:002012-09-02T12:56:35.807-07:00Mexican Revolution Research Paper<h1 style="text-align: center;">
Research Paper on Mexican Revolution</h1>
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From the very beginning <b>Mexican revolution</b> caused the anxiety of rulings circles the USA, which had to clarify the neutrality itself, the confession of new governments, weapon sale and property defense of the USA citizens from possible harm. Disappointed in the mode of Diaz, the USA tried to adhere to a policy of non-interference during the revolt of Madero and acknowledged him as a president. However the USA ambassador in Mexico Henry Wilson constantly intrigued against a new government, supported rebels and carried moral responsibility for that he was not able to prevent Madero’s murder, killing a competitor.</div>
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Wilson supposed that nonrecognition of the dictator would be instrumental in his overthrow and conducting of necessary reforms. The direct result of this policy of “strange observers” was by the armed US intervention with the purpose of weapon delivery prevention for the mode of Huerta.</div>
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When the German ship with weapon dropped an anchor in Veracruz, Wilson ordered to the naval forces of the United States of America to occupy a city. These actions, causing indignation of Mexicans, threatened to result in war. Only diplomatic mediation of Argentina, Brazil and Chile helped to prevent a large-scale conflict. </div>
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After falling of Huerta dictatorship Wilson tried to reconcile quarreling factions of revolutionaries. These attempts had a failure, and after the defeat of the North division the USA acknowledged the government of Carranza. In March 1916 detachment of Villa passed the USA border and accomplished a raid on a border-line small town Columbus in the state of New Mexico. In reply Wilson sent a punitive force under the command of General John J. Pershing. However North Americans met bitter resistance of Mexicans and, suffering the row of defeats, in January 1917 began evacuation of troops from the territory of Mexico. </div>
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Acceptance of constitution 1917 intensified the relations between countries, as a row of its laws hurt the interests of North-American companies in Mexico. The new Mexican constitution became the main result of revolution. Carranza, remaining a winner, attached importance to law reforms, which were promised in his revolutionary decrees. The text of the document repeated mainly the positions of constitution 1857, but added three fundamentally important articles. The third article foresaw introduction of universal free education; article number 27 declared all the acres, waters and bowels of the earth on the territory of Mexico to become national property, and also declared the necessity of section of large latifundia and set principles and procedure of conducting of agrarian reform; article 123 was a vast labor code. </div>
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In these years the internal political situation in Mexico was noted by the instability which was aggravated by contradictions with the United States. Any change of government was accompanied with revolts in 1923-1924, 1927 and 1929. The implementation of the anticlerical program declared in a constitution caused sharp intensifying of relations of the state with a church. The refuse of clergy to execute positions of constitution forced the closure of church schools, and that is why church answered with the temporal stopping of practice of religious cult in temples from August, 1 1926. During the years beginning from 1926 and up to 1929 a so-called revolt “cristeros” blazed in Mexico. The supporters of church, mainly from peasants, killed the emissaries of government and burned society schools. A revolt was repressed by the governmental troops. </div>
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More and more diplomatic conflicts with the USA constantly arose related to the American oil companies in Mexico. The agreement of Bucarelli produced in 1923 by a joint diplomatic commission solved the row of most sharp problems and resulted in acknowledgement of government of Obregon from the side of the USA. </div>
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In 1925 as most of the earlier accepted agreements were not followed the government of Calles began to prepare a law about conducting in life the article number 27 from the constitution 1917, touching property and landed domains of the American companies. It intensified the political relations of Mexico and USA again. Things were heading towards the break in diplomatic relations, but the armed intervention which Mexicans considered to be necessary was inevitable. The situation was softened in 1927, when a skilful diplomat Dwight Morrow became the ambassador of the United States in Mexico. Following the course of policy of neighborliness, proclaimed by Roosevelt, he was able to find a compromise in the decision of the sharpest problems.<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4328439966437515157.post-1108260372988042332012-08-14T15:08:00.000-07:002012-08-20T07:48:53.588-07:00The Turk Inscriptions Essay<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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The Turk Inscriptions Essay</h1>
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<b>Introduction</b> </div>
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Basically, the development of the Second Turk Empire was accompanied by its growing interaction with other countries which affected considerably the progress of this country. At the same time, important sources of the information about the development of the Second Turk Empire and its relationships with other countries are Turkish inscriptions, including that of Kul Tegin, Bilge Khan, and Tonuquq. It should be pointed out that a considerable part of these inscriptions occupies the relationship of the Second Turk Empire with its neighbors, especially China, which was one of the most powerful states of the region at that epoch. On analyzing the old inscriptions, it is possible to find basic strengths and weaknesses of both the Second Turk Empire and China.
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In this respect, it is important to underline that in the old <b>Turk inscriptions</b>, the rules of the Second Turk Empire responded to Chinese rule not just by honoring old Turk institutions, but also imitating and learning from the view of the Turks expressed in the Sima Qian’s account of the Xiongnu.
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<b>The strengths and weaknesses of Turks </b><br />
On analyzing the old Turks inscriptions, it is possible to estimate that at the epoch of the Second Turk Empire the level of the development of Noman civilization was consistently lower compared to its neighbors, namely China. At the same time, it is necessary to underline that it does not mean that Second Turk Empire was in an absolutely disadvantageous position compared to China. In fact, Second Turk Empire had certain strengths that created ample opportunities for the rapid development of the empire and its further progress.
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In this respect, it should be said that one of the major strengths of Second Turk Empire was its geographical position. Due to its geographical position of Second Turk Empire, Turks could develop rapidly. To put it more precisely, the empire could benefit from the progressing international trade since it was close to China and its economic centers and, at the same time, the territory of the empire included important trade routes. In actuality, the country was a kind of bridge between China and Western civilization. In other words, Second Turk Empire could benefit from its transitional position between East and West.
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At the same time, it is worthy of mention that the neighboring Chinese economic centers were of a paramount importance for the development of Second Turk Empire and it was another strength of Turks since it contributed to the development of the Turkish economy. To put it more precisely, the growing economic cooperation with China contributed to the urbanization and the general progress of the economy. In this respect, it should be said that according to Dyson-Hudson, “professional empire builders rooted in urban civilizations” (21) that was the case of Second Turk Empire which urbanization was enhanced by its neighborhood to large Chinese economic centers.
However, Turks were conscious of potential threats hidden in such neighborhood. For instance, in the KulTegin inscription, the Turk Bilge Qagan warns of the lure of China’s “gold, silver, and silk” (Waldron, 211). Obviously, being more powerful economically, China represented a real threat to the perspective of growth of Second Turk Empire.
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Also, it is necessary to take into consideration the existence of the local traditions which were quite strong in Second Turk Empire and contributed consistently to the stable development of the country. What is probably even more important is the fact that the tradition and stable functioning of its major state institutions contributed to the unity of the empire and permitted Second Turk Empire gain a significant position in its international relations.
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On the other hand, it should be said that Second Turk Empire was not rigid. Instead, according to the old inscriptions it amply borrowed Chinese experience and paid a lot of attention to criticism of their way of development which could be found in works of Chinese historians, such as Sima Qian.
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Nevertheless, Second Turk Empire could hardly overcome its backwardness compared to China. Moreover, one of the major weaknesses of the empire was the fact that it was highly dependent on China. In fact, some specialists estimate that the development of Second Turk Empire was directly dependent on China. For instance, Barfield states that “powerful nomadic empires rose and fell in tandem with native dynasties of China… the steppe and China tended to be mirror images of one another” (9). This means that the development of Second Turk Empire was determined by the progress of China. Consequently, any crisis in China affected Second Turk Empire dramatically.
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<b>The strengths and weaknesses of China</b><br />
Naturally, China, which produced a profound impact on the development of Second Turk Empire, had its own strengths and weaknesses. To put it more precisely, it should be said that China was apparently more advanced economically and technologically compared to Second Turk Empire. For instance, according to Chinese sources (Qian), neighbors of China were consistently less developed not only in the field of economy but also in the field of warfare since their strategy and tactics were considered to be not so advanced as Chinese ones.
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However, it is necessary to underline that the tactics of Turks in the warfare was more flexible since they did not paid so much attention to the necessity to maintain face and could, for instance, retreat without any hesitations as long as it was beneficial for them that may be viewed as a weakness of Chinese tactics. In this respect, it is possible to refer to Sima Qian who compares Turks tactics to that of Chinese, the former, “when it is to their advantage they advance; when not they retreat as they see no shame in retreat” (Qian, 142).
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At the same time, the economic advancement of China engendered growing problems since external threats grew more and more significant. At any rate, as China progressed do did its neighbors and, therefore, potential competitors or opponents. Also, it should be said that Chinese traditions based on ideas of Confucianism were quite rigid while compared to Turks it was hardly possible to speak about the total ideological unity of the country.
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<b>Conclusion: recommendations to Turks to reach the level of power of China </b><br />
Taking into account all above mentioned, it is possible to conclude that China was more advanced compared to Second Turk Empire and the old Turk inscriptions prove this fact. At the same time, it is also possible to find some potential ways of overcoming such backwardness of Second Turk Empire. In this respect, the old Turk inscriptions are similar to works of Chinese historians, such as Sima Qian. Basically, they recommend minimizig the gap between Second Turk Empire by means of remaining devoted to the national traditions. What is meant here is the fact that the old inscriptions recommend to honor old Turkish traditions and existing institutions. In this respect, the similarity to Qian’s ideas of being devoted to the norms of Chinese traditions and ideology, including ideas of Confucianism, which were the ideological basis of Chinese culture and lifestyle. The same role played traditions and religious views of Turks in Second Turk Empire. As a result, the focus on the maintenance of the traditional lifestyle contributes to the social stability and, therefore, opens perspectives of the steady development of the empire.</div>
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On the other hand, it is necessary to underline that one of the most perspective way to overcome the backwardness of Second Turk Empire was to borrow the experience of China. In such a way, Second Turk Empire could simply follow the example of more advanced China that could provide ample opportunities for the economic progress, while maintenance its old traditions could contribute to the social stability. In such a way, these two factors could be determinant in the further progress of Second Turk Empire making it a powerful country which could become equal to China.<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4328439966437515157.post-51654344646321317372012-08-09T03:01:00.000-07:002012-08-20T07:50:44.086-07:00Essay on E-Commerce<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Essay on E-Commerce</h1>
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The modern world is characterized by the rapid world of new technologies which became an important part of socio-economic life. In fact, new technologies are rapidly penetrating in all spheres of life affecting absolutely all people and, what is more important, they are spreading worldwide contributing to the creation of the New Economy. The New Economy is based on the wide implementation and rapid spread of new information and communication technologies. In recent years, there have appeared numerous works in literature dedicated to the problem of the development of New Economy, especially <b>e-commerce</b>, its perspectives and potential. Basically, numerous studies assess positively the current trends in the world economy but some specialists, such as Mohammad Naim Chaker emphasize that this problem is still under-researched and it is necessary to carefully and critically evaluate the perspectives, potential, and effects of the proliferation of the New economy, information technologies and communication on socio-economic and managing equilibrium that existed in the conventional economy (2005, p.58).
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On analyzing the current economic situation M.N. Chaker points out that the New Economy is based on the wide use of information technologies and communication (2005, p.58). In fact, the word economy, especially the economy of well-developed countries is really changing. In the modern world information and knowledge play increasingly more and more important role to the extent that often the investments in IT proves to be even more effective than investments in conventional industrial development (Summers, 1992, p.9).
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At the same time, it should be said that e-commerce as a constituent part of the New Economy offers a lot of new opportunities and seem to be quite convenient for customers. In this respect, the author points out that the New Economy really offers larger opportunities to customers since they can use a variety of services and choose from a huge variety of goods which they cannot find anywhere else but in the virtual world of e-commerce. For instance, he states that “the sheer number of stores that can be visited online far exceeds even the most densely populated retail areas in industrial countries” (2005, p.58). In such a way, the New Economy may be viewed as a positive phenomenon since, according to numerous researches it can facilitate business-customer relationships making it more personal and more customer-oriented (Han, 1997, p.27).
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Also, it is worthy of mention that the New Economy is rapidly progressing and spreading worldwide. In such a way, it is possible to estimate that in the nearest future the New Economy will produce more significant impact on the development of the world economy (Han, 1997, p.29). The current trends in the world economy consistently contribute to the progress of the New Economy due to the process of globalization which makes countries closer to each other eliminating geographical and financial barriers on the movement of international capital. In such a situation, the New Economy and e-commerce in particular may be viewed as effective tool that can be widely applied in terms of global economy, improving the quality of services and goods available to customers worldwide.
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However, in spite of such optimistic perspectives, M.N. Chaker is quite skeptical about the current progress of the World Economy and its effects. In fact, he argues that it is necessary to analyze in depth its effects on various spheres of human life because, as he predicts, it can misbalance the world socio-economic development (2005, p.59). To put it more precisely, he speaks about the possibility of various disequilibria, including corporate disequilibrium, labor market disequilibrium, social disequilibrium, innovation disequilibrium, and development disequilibrium.
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Speaking about corporate disequilibrium, M.N. Chaker argues that the reality is far from optimistic forecasts. For instance, he emphasizes that technology is not cheap and are not always available to little companies. Furthermore, the development of e-commerce and the New Economy at large may be accompanied by the new risks such as the spread of frauds and viruses in the virtual world. Furthermore, M.N. Chaker underlines that “regulatory mechanisms for e-business are not yet in place in many countries”, while “many business transactions are still depend on trust” (2005, p.59). This means that there is still the lack of control over e-business that enhances the threat of frauds making it unreliable and quite risky compared to conventional business. In response to these potential threats the author recommends to develop a new corporate culture that will meet the demands of the New Economy.
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At the same time, the New Economy may lead to the labor market disequilibrium. N.M. Chake argues that the development of new technologies lead to the consistent shift in the labor market (2005, p.60). To put it more precisely, professions related to IT and communications are growing popular while conventional professions gradually degrade while the gap in the level of income grows respectively to the changes in the labor market. It is worthy of mention that IT specialists are currently among the most well-paid jobs in the modern labor market, but the mismatch refers not only to the level of income but to the level of skills as well (Chake, 2005, p.60).
Consequently, there is growing polarity between well-paid, highly qualified specialists and the rest of employees.
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The same trends are typical to social disequilibrium. The author underlines that the modern networking contributes to the disproportionate digital divide where different social groups are more or less involved in the e-commerce. The divide depends on various factors, such as age, country of residence, social status, etc. The solution of this problem may be found only with the assistance of international developmental agencies, such as IMF, the World Bank and others (Chake, 2005, p.60).
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Finally, there are innovation and developmental disequilibria which basically sprang out from the difference in the technological development of various companies and even countries (Chake, 2005, p.61). To put it more precisely, new technologies can put a company in an advantageous position compared to competitors or even lead to the monopoly if the company invents a totally new product or service, while countries are characterized by the different level of technological and scientific development and, therefore, have different and unequal potential and perspectives. In this respect, Chake underlines that the government should play the key role in the legislation in the domain of new technologies and e-commerce and state support and control of their development (2005, p.61).
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Thus, it is possible to conclude that the development of the New Economy, in spite of optimistic forecasts of various specialists, is accompanied by numerous threats that can lead to significant disequilibria that latter can consistently change the existing social order and deteriorate socio-economic life of society contributing to the growing inequality between rich and qualified, on the one and, and poor and low-qualified, on the other. In such a situation, the government and international developmental agencies should regulate the development of New Economy and maintain the balance.<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4328439966437515157.post-54955062389241521462012-08-08T14:58:00.000-07:002012-08-20T07:51:57.247-07:00Essay on International Labor<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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International Labor. Positive and Negative Sides</h1>
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Businesses can greatly benefit from globalization and usage of <b>international labor</b> force. However, there are pros and cons to using international labor.
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Many businesses internationalize for economical reasons – they are looking for better conditions for their operations. Modern technologies made it possible and very easy to conduct business all over the world. The use of satellites, e-mails, faxes and the Internet makes workers all over the world very accessible. Many companies move abroad because of cheap labor force. One of the examples is India – the country offers high concentration of computer skills and low cost of labor. Many companies outsource their operations to various Indian cities.
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According to the Commerce Department, the United States will need 1 million new information-technology workers over the next decade. Already, 300,000 job vacancies exist in this field. Farmers are also complaining of worker shortages in low-paying agricultural jobs. The Unites States currently limits the number of workers who can enter the country on temporary work visas, however, this number might be raised to fill labor deficiencies in both high- and low-paying jobs.
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Many members of the business community say that they cannot find enough multilingual and technically trained workers in their country to help keep the nation competitive in the global economy. Therefore, they support recruiting highly educated and trained foreign workers to fill this void. In U.S., proponents of increasing the number of visas for agricultural workers also think that foreign laborers would fill a hole in the labor market, not take jobs from Americans. They argue that many farms and food processing industries already employ illegal immigrants because of the tight U.S. labor market. Advocates say that more temporary work visas would encourage farmers to hire legal workers, thereby decreasing the flow of illegal immigrants across American border.
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Many corporations hire the best professionals from all over the world. The easiest way to create a global company is through the means of the Internet. Google is one of the best examples. The company is famous all over the world. It adjusts its service engine and other products to the needs of many markets and cooperates with many local companies. Google has its employees in various corners of the world which helps to adjust the service for the local users.
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There are also drawbacks and numerous opponents of using foreign workforce. Critics in U.S. and Europe say that jobs are being lost to both legal and illegal workers. They argue that foreign information-technology workers are not necessarily better skilled but are more willing to accept less pay and are less likely to challenge poor working conditions because they depend on their sponsor company for their legal right to remain in the country. Some opponents say that the ability of employers to import workers depresses wages in both high-tech and the agricultural industries. </div>
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